Harms · Indigenous children aged < 5 years
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Knowledge and understanding Variable scales: information (amount and type) needs/preferences; discordance between patient and physician survival and curability estimates Timing: immediately to 1 month post‐consultation · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Evaluation of the communication: different constructs (perceptions of communication quality; patient‐centredness of communication; involvement preferences; doctor‐patient relationship measures) Timing: immediately post‐consultation to 18 weeks pos... · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Discussions of EoL/EoL care: discussion timing and length EMR review post‐death Timing: at time of family conference (intervention) in ICU; post‐death  · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Discussions of EoL/EoL care: discussion occurrence EMR review post‐death; coding of consultations; self‐reported occurrence Timing: immediately, 1 or 2 weeks post‐consultation; after death · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse (unintended) outcomes  · people approaching the end of life (within 12 months), their family members and/or carers
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Psychological distress Measures: ‐ Parenting Stress Index (PSI‐SF) ‐ Psychiatric Symptom Index (PSI) ‐ PSI anxiety sub‐scale ‐ State anxiety inventory ‐ Center for Epidemological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) ‐ Profile of Mood State Inventory (... · parents and carers of children with complex needs
1 finding from 1 review
Confidence and self‐efficacy · parents and carers of children with complex needs
1 finding from 1 review
Perception of coping · parents and carers of children with complex needs
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life Measures: ‐ Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) ‐ Beach Centre Family Quality of Life Scale (higher scores = better quality of life) Timing of · parents and carers of children with complex needs
1 finding from 1 review
Family functioning · parents and carers of children with complex needs
1 finding from 1 review
Perceived social support · parents and carers of children with complex needs
1 finding from 1 review
Confidence and skill at navigating medical services · parents and carers of children with complex needs
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · parents and carers of children with complex needs
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Relationship building/rapport Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Information gathering about patient perspectives/concerns · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Explanation and planning (information giving) · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Specific communication skills · pre‐registration medical students
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes specific communication skills (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events · pre‐registration medical students
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found