Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,730 questions · 18,059 findings · 1,282 reviews

No studies found 4,360 · 24.1%GRADE not reported 2,529 · 14%Very low 4,641 · 25.7%Low 4,007 · 22.2%Moderate 2,057 · 11.4%High 465 · 2.6%

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Skin care intervention vs standard skin care or no skin care intervention

IgE‐mediated food allergy (oral food challenge) by 1 to 3 years · infants

Skin care intervention showed no clear difference in igE‐mediated food allergy (oral food challenge) by 1 to 3 years compared with standard skin care or no skin care intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Skin care intervention vs standard skin care or no skin care intervention

Parent report of immediate reaction to common food allergen (at 2 years) · infants

Skin care intervention showed no clear difference in parent report of immediate reaction to common food allergen (at 2… compared with standard skin care or no skin care intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Skin care intervention vs standard skin care or no skin care intervention

Allergic sensitisation to a food allergen (at 1 to 3 years) · infants

Skin care intervention showed no clear difference in allergic sensitisation to a food allergen (at 1 to 3 years) compared with standard skin care or no skin care intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… showed no clear difference in clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months… compared with enhanced usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Cannabis use · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes prevalence of cannabis use (1 to 6 months post intervention) (RR < 1… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ risk of hazardous or harmful alcohol use · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ overall risk of harmful or hazardous alcohol and substance use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Quality of life (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… showed no clear difference in quality of life (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Service utilisation (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of visits to primary care centres due to alcohol consumption (RR > 1 denotes greater risk) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes service utilisation (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Adverse events (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of alcohol‐related consequences ‐ accidents (RR > 1 denotes greater risk) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes adverse events (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with substance dependence

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (< 1 month post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ drug use (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ heroin · adult patients with substance dependence

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes clinical symptoms ‐ drug use (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ heroin compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Acceptability · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to any cause: post‐intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions vs placebo

Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)

It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… showed no clear difference in clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months… compared with enhanced usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Prevalence of methamphetamine use (1 to 6 months post intervention) (RR < 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… showed no clear difference in prevalence of methamphetamine use (1 to 6 months post intervention)… compared with enhanced usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ risk of hazardous or harmful alcohol use · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review