Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

436 questions · 451 findings · 96 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 31 · 6.9%GRADE not reported 17 · 3.8%Very low 149 · 33%Low 130 · 28.8%Moderate 103 · 22.8%High 21 · 4.7%

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no intervention

Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) · preterm born neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 379 participants
Very low

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no intervention

Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) · full‐term born neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 536 participants
Very low

Swaddling vs no intervention

Immediate pain regulation (between 30 seconds and 5 minutes post‐procedure) · preterm born neonates

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 204 participants
Very low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health literacy – Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention)*** (1) Any generic health literacy Multiple outcomes assessed and multiple measures used: Health numeracy (NVS, score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 209 participants
Moderate

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Quality of life – Diabetes‐related quality of life standardised on score 0 (no quality of life) to 100 (perfect quality of life) Time point: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 288 participants
Very low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health‐related knowledge – Any health‐related knowledge standardised on score 0 (no knowledge) to 100 (perfect knowledge) Time point: short‐term (up to 1 month post‐intervention) · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1101 participants
Low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health outcome – Any depression Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple measures used: PHQ‐9K (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 555 participants
Very low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Health behaviour – Multiple outcomes assessed and multiple measures used Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) (1) Diabetes self‐care activities SDSCA (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 797 participants
Low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs written information on the same topic

Self‐efficacy · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 552 participants
Moderate

Culturally and literacy adapted audio‐/visual education without personal feedback vs written information on the same topic

Self‐efficacy – Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Self‐efficacy in accessing breast cancer‐related advice or information · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 240 participants
Low

Culturally and literacy adapted self‐management programme vs no health literacy intervention

Health behaviour 5– Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Multiple outcomes assessed and multiple measures used: (1) Blood glucose self‐monitoring 24‐hour recall, 3 questions on blood glucose self‐monitoring behaviour (2) Adhere... · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 514 participants
Low

Female migrants' benefit of any health literacy intervention vs male migrants' benefit of any health literacy intervention

Health behaviour – Time point a: short‐term (immediately post‐intervention) Cardiovascular health behaviour CSC (score · migrants

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving health literacy in migrants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training changes participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 17 [1.13, 256.56]
1 study · 18 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Number of any adverse events: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training changes number of any adverse events: immediately after treatment compared with anticholinergics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.03 [0.01, 0.17]
3 studies · 187 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Participant‐reported satisfaction: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 117 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Number of urgency episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 92 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

Number of micturition episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 175 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

Symptom‐related quality of life: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 178 participants
Low