Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

577 questions · 585 findings · 57 reviews

No studies found 61 · 10.4%GRADE not reported 46 · 7.9%Very low 206 · 35.2%Low 210 · 35.9%Moderate 52 · 8.9%High 10 · 1.7%

Summary of findings table ‐ Enteral tube feeding vs intravenous fluids

Change in modality of fluid therapy · health problem or population

Summary of findings table ‐ Enteral tube feeding probably leads to lower change in modality of fluid therapy compared with intravenous fluids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Enteral tube feeding vs intravenous fluids

Local complications (overall): IV line bruising, soreness, infection, epistaxis, nasal trauma, others · health problem or population

Summary of findings table ‐ Enteral tube feeding showed no clear difference in local complications (overall): IV line bruising, soreness,… compared with intravenous fluids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Wound infection · lower gastrointestinal surgery

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… changes wound infection compared with later commencement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Intraabdominal abscess · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in intraabdominal abscess compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Anastomotic leakage/dehiscence · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in anastomotic leakage/dehiscence compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Pneumonia · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in pneumonia (within hospital stay) compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

All‐cause mortality · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in mortality compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Vomiting · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in vomiting compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Nausea · lower gastrointestinal surgery

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… showed no clear difference in nausea compared with later commencement (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal surgery vs later commencement

Nausea and vomiting · lower gastrointestinal surgery

It is very uncertain whether early enteral nutrition within 24 hours of lower gastrointestinal… changes nausea and vomiting compared with later commencement (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Bacterial sepsis · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower bacterial sepsis compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Fungal Infection · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower fungal Infection compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Chronic lung disease · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes chronic lung disease compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Any late‐onset sepsis ‐ All infants [Data on only confirmed sepsis available] · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower any late‐onset sepsis ‐ All infants [Data on only confirmed sepsis… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review