Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

351 questions · 368 findings · 41 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 47 · 12.8%GRADE not reported 16 · 4.3%Very low 68 · 18.5%Low 92 · 25%Moderate 97 · 26.4%High 48 · 13%

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and glucocorticoid injection vs glucocorticoid injection

Adverse events · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Outcomes (weighted · stable COPD

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Moderate‐to‐severe exacerbations (rate) · stable COPD

Triple therapy may leads to lower moderate‐to‐severe exacerbations (rate) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.67, 0.81]
4 studies · 15397 participants
Low

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Severe exacerbations (rate) · stable COPD

Triple therapy may leads to lower severe exacerbations (rate) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.67, 0.84]
3 studies · 14131 participants
Low

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Respiratory HRQoL measured by SGRQ, ≥ 4‐point decrease from baseline (lower scores indicate better HRQoL) · stable COPD

Triple therapy leads to higher respiratory HRQoL measured by SGRQ, ≥ 4‐point decrease from baseline… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.35 [1.26, 1.45]
3 studies · 14070 participants
High

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Pneumonia (labelled as an SAE) · stable COPD

Triple therapy probably leads to higher pneumonia (labelled as an SAE) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.74 [1.39, 2.18]
4 studies · 15412 participants
Moderate

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

SAEs · stable COPD

Triple therapy showed no clear difference in all‐cause SAEs compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.95 [0.87, 1.03]
4 studies · 15412 participants
Low

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Symptoms of dyspnoea · stable COPD

Triple therapy probably leads to higher symptom score TDI, ≥ 1‐unit increase (lower scores indicate worse… compared with LABA/LAMA combination (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.33 [1.13, 1.57]
1 study · 3044 participants
Moderate

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Change in baseline trough FEV1 · stable COPD

Triple therapy may leads to higher lung function, change in trough FEV1 (mL) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 38.68 [22.58, 54.77]
4 studies · 11352 participants
Low

Triple therapy vs LABA/LAMA combination

Mortality (all‐cause) · stable COPD

Triple therapy may leads to lower mortality (all‐cause) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids with combination inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists and long‐acting muscarinic antagonists for… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.7 [0.54, 0.9]
4 studies · 15397 participants
Low

Combination with potassium‐sparing diuretics vs monotherapy

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line combination therapy versus first‐line monotherapy for primary hypertension 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 200 participants
Very low

Combination with potassium‐sparing diuretics vs monotherapy

Total mortality · people with primary hypertension

It is very uncertain whether combination with potassium‐sparing diuretics changes total mortality compared with monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line combination therapy versus first‐line monotherapy for primary hypertension 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.24 [0.01, 5.87]
1 study · 200 participants
Very low

Combination with potassium‐sparing diuretics vs monotherapy

Cardiovascular mortality · people with primary hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line combination therapy versus first‐line monotherapy for primary hypertension 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 200 participants
Very low

Combination with potassium‐sparing diuretics vs monotherapy

Cardiovascular events · people with primary hypertension

It is very uncertain whether combination with potassium‐sparing diuretics changes cardiovascular events compared with monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line combination therapy versus first‐line monotherapy for primary hypertension 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.45 [0.13, 15.71]
1 study · 200 participants
Very low

Combination with potassium‐sparing diuretics vs monotherapy

Serious adverse events · people with primary hypertension

It is very uncertain whether combination with potassium‐sparing diuretics changes serious adverse events compared with monotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line combination therapy versus first‐line monotherapy for primary hypertension 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.1, 5.04]
1 study · 200 participants
Very low

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Urologic symptom scores · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy showed no clear difference in urologic symptom scoreMeasured by IPSS scores (range 0 to 35)Higher… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 460 participants
Low

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

QoL · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 265 participants
Very low

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse eventsCumulative incidence · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction

Serenoa repens in combination with other phytotherapy showed no clear difference in adverse eventsCumulative incidence compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Serenoa repens for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.58, 1.41]
4 studies · 481 participants
Low

Reduction and pharmacotherapy vs reduction alone

Subgroup: combination NRT; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month · people who smoke

Reduction and pharmacotherapy showed no clear difference in subgroup: combination NRT; smoking cessation (≥ 6 month compared with reduction alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.61, 1.69]
3 studies · 1124 participants
Low

Summary of findings 1: PLD with chemotherapy vs alternative combination chemotherapy

Overall survival (OS) · platinum‐sensitive recurrent EOC

Summary of findings 1: PLD with chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with alternative combination chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.93 [0.83, 1.04]
5 studies · 2006 participants
Moderate