Salivary osmolality (hydration level) · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
No included study reported salivary osmolality; this pre-planned outcome remains unassessed (no studies).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary S. mutans level · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
BoNT injections were not associated with significant changes in salivary S. mutans counts across three studies (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary pH · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
BoNT injections were not associated with significant changes in oral/salivary pH across three studies (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).
1 finding from 1 review
Development of >=1 new carious lesion (caries incidence) · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
In one RCT, BoNT-B 2500 U was not associated with a statistically significant increase in new caries versus placebo (RR 2.4, 95% CI 0.48 to 11.80; not significant).
2 findings from 1 review
Salivary buffering capacity · Patients with drooling (sialorrhea) due to neurological disease
Salivary buffering capacity did not decrease after BoNT; one of two quasi-experimental studies reported a significant increase (ungraded; no effect estimate reported).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health effects of botulinum toxin treatment for drooling: a systematic review. 2020 All outcomesBefore vs after BoNT injection (2018 study: significant buffering increase at 1 month; 2017 study no change) · Neurological-disease populations with drooling (e.g., cerebral palsy, Parkinson disease, adults with sialorrhea); specialist clinical care
The quasi-experimental studies of Tiigimae-Saar found different results concerning the changes in buffering capacity. For the analysis carried out in 2017, no statistically significant change was observed. By contrast,…
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Treatment success: improvement in the angle of strabismus at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia
It is very uncertain whether surgery changes treatment success: improvement in the angle of strabismus at 6 months compared with botulinum neurotoxin injections (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Presence and quality of binocularity at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (severe, minor) at 6 months · children with infantile esotropia
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Quality of life · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events, reported as "negative experiences" · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
It is very uncertain whether radiotherapy changes adverse events, reported as "negative experiences" compared with botulinum toxin (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Constipation score at one year · Patients with anismus and chronic constipation
1 finding from 1 review
Occlusal splint vs Pharmacological interventions (benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, beta blockers, dopamine agents, antidepressants, botulinum toxin A and B, analgesics)
Outcome not reported · People with sleep bruxism (tooth grinding or clenching); children (greater than 1 year old) and adults; diagnosis clinical,…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
New dental caries development
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumented gait analysis (kinematics) (not measured) · children with CP
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
3 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Function · children with CP
3 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 191 participants
Very low
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 199 participants
Very low
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 123 participants
Very low
Range of motion (passive ankle dorsiflexion) · children with CP
3 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 272 participants
Very low
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 250 participants
Very low
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 186 participants
Very low
Satisfaction (not measured) · children with CP
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Spasticity (ankle plantarflexors) · children with CP
3 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 226 participants
Very low
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 258 participants
Very low
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 186 participants
Very low