Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

170 questions · 173 findings · 19 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 20 · 11.6%GRADE not reported 43 · 24.9%Very low 46 · 26.6%Low 40 · 23.1%Moderate 14 · 8.1%High 10 · 5.8%

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Maternal respiratory infection (pneumonia) · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in maternal respiratory infection (pneumonia) compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Neonatal sepsis · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in neonatal sepsis compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in neonatal ICU admission compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics vs cervical cerclage

Serious neonatal morbidity

It is very uncertain whether cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics changes serious neonatal morbidity (Reported in Miller 2014 as 'composite… compared with cervical cerclage alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics vs cervical cerclage

Perinatal loss: all ‐ including miscarriages and stillbirth (Note: data not available for neonatal death)

It is very uncertain whether cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics changes perinatal loss: all ‐ including miscarriages and stillbirth (Note:… compared with cervical cerclage alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics vs cervical cerclage

Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation

It is very uncertain whether cervical cerclage in combination with antibiotics and tocolytics changes preterm birth < 34 completed weeks of pregnancy compared with cervical cerclage alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) vs broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all outcomes

B2: Maternal sepsis – an all women · women undergoing caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) changes maternal sepsis compared with broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) vs broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all outcomes

Endometritis · women undergoing caesarean section

Antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) showed no clear difference in maternal endometritis compared with broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) vs broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all outcomes

Wound infection · women undergoing caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) changes maternal wound infection compared with broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) vs broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all outcomes

Maternal urinary tract infection · women undergoing caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) changes maternal urinary tract infection compared with broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) vs broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all outcomes

Maternal composite adverse effects · women undergoing caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether antistaphylococcal cephalosporins C1 and C2 (1st and 2nd generation) changes maternal composite adverse effects compared with broad spectrum penicillins plus betalactamase inhibitors P2+ ‐ all… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review