Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

138 questions · 140 findings · 14 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 22 · 15.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 46 · 32.9%Low 47 · 33.6%Moderate 25 · 17.9%High 0 · 0%

Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy

Persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: all included children with acute pyelonephritis · children with acute pyelonephritis

Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: all included children with… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy

Persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: children with initial renal parenchymal damage on initial DMSA scan · children with acute pyelonephritis

Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: children with initial… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Re‐infection · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes re‐infection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Persistent bacteriuria · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes persistent bacteriuria (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Recurrence · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes recurrence (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review