Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

238 questions · 268 findings · 39 reviews · Oral Health

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No studies found 55 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 154 · 57.5%Very low 23 · 8.6%Low 23 · 8.6%Moderate 13 · 4.9%High 0 · 0%

Self-assembling peptide P11-4 vs Fluoride varnish

Remineralization / reduction in lesion severity (change in QLF, laser fluorescence, or lesion area) · Patients with white spot lesions / early caries lesions (WSLs/ECLs), including orthodontic and non-orthodontic lesions, active caries…

Self-assembling peptide P11-4 did not differ significantly from fluoride varnish (SMD -0.31, 95% CI -0.71 to 0.09); certainty of evidence not assessed (no GRADE).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of therapies of white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes
RCTs (clinical and in vitro); predominantly children and adolescents; orthodontic and non-orthodontic white spot lesions, early caries lesions, and artificial lesions
SMD -0.31 [-0.71, 0.09]
5 studies
GRADE not reported

Self-assembling peptide P11-4 vs CPP-ACP

Self-assembling peptide P11-4 did not differ significantly from CPP-ACP (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.87 to 0.11; indirect evidence only); certainty of evidence not assessed (no GRADE).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of therapies of white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes
RCTs (clinical and in vitro); predominantly children and adolescents; orthodontic and non-orthodontic white spot lesions, early caries lesions, and artificial lesions
SMD -0.38 [-0.87, 0.11]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

CPP-ACP vs CPP-ACFP

CPP-ACP did not differ significantly from CPP-ACFP (SMD 0.25, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.73); certainty of evidence not assessed (no GRADE).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of therapies of white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes
RCTs (clinical and in vitro); predominantly children and adolescents; orthodontic and non-orthodontic white spot lesions, early caries lesions, and artificial lesions
SMD 0.25 [-0.24, 0.73]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Self-assembling peptide P11-4 vs CPP-ACFP

Self-assembling peptide P11-4 did not differ significantly from CPP-ACFP (SMD -0.13, 95% CI -0.68 to 0.42); certainty of evidence not assessed (no GRADE).

1 finding from 1 review

Comparison of therapies of white spot lesions: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. 2023 All outcomes
RCTs (clinical and in vitro); predominantly children and adolescents; orthodontic and non-orthodontic white spot lesions, early caries lesions, and artificial lesions
SMD -0.13 [-0.68, 0.42]
2 studies
GRADE not reported

CBT vs alternative treatment

Quality of life · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
This outcome was not measured (not synthesised for this comparison; review-wide only one study reported quality of life).
Studies not reported
No studies found

CBT vs alternative treatment

Reduction in pain intensity · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain intensity at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Treatment completion
SMD 0.03 [-0.21, 0.28]
5 studies · 509 participants
Low
Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Follow-up (6-12 months)
SMD -0.29 [-0.50, -0.08]
5 studies · 475 participants
Low

CBT vs alternative treatment

Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may leads to lower psychological distress at follow-up compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Follow-up
SMD -0.32 [-0.51, -0.13]
6 studies · 516 participants
Low
Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Treatment completion
SMD -0.32 [-0.50, -0.15]
6 studies · 553 participants
Low

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

Gingival index (GI) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower gingival index (GI) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-4 months
SMD -1.75 [-2.27, -1.24]
12 studies
GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), change · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… probably leads to lower hbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), change compared with no active intervention/usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-4 months
MD -0.43 [-0.59, -0.28]
30 studies · 2443 participants
Moderate

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

Quality of life indicators · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-4 months
Three studies measured QoL. Vergnes 2018: overall GOHAI adjusted MD 7.0 (95% CI 2.4 to 11.6), 79 participants (better oral health-related QoL); no clear change in general SF-36 QoL. D'Aiuto 2018 ADDQoL better in…
3 studies
GRADE not reported

SDF applied biannually (every 6 months) vs Other non/minimally-invasive treatment (ART or 5% NaF varnish)

Caries arrest · Children (age 1-10 years) with active cavitated dentin caries lesions in primary molars

Biannual SDF application significantly arrested caries (pooled ES 0.39, 95% CI 0.19-0.60; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Efficacy in Arresting Cavitated Caries Lesions in Primary Molars: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes
Follow-up up to 12 months (biannual application) · Pediatric dental care in hospital, community/school and outpatient settings (Saudi Arabia, China, India, Brazil, Spain) · SDF application frequency: biannual (every 6 months)
ES 0.39 [0.19, 0.60]
2 studies · 381 participants
GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-4 months
SMD -2.05 [-2.57, -1.53]
18 studies
GRADE not reported

CBT vs alternative treatment

Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
This outcome was not measured (not synthesised for this comparison; review-wide only one study reported additional physical symptoms).
Studies not reported
No studies found

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

Probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-4 months
MD -0.56 [-0.72, -0.40]
21 studies
GRADE not reported

CBT vs alternative treatment

Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in disability caused by pain at treatment completion compared with alternative (active) treatment (e.g. oral splint, medication,… (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Treatment completion
SMD -0.15 [-0.40, 0.10]
3 studies · 245 participants
Low
Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Follow-up
SMD -0.15 [-0.42, 0.12]
3 studies · 245 participants
Low

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
3-4 months
MD -15.56 [-21.77, -9.36]
14 studies
GRADE not reported

38% SDF (applied every 6 or 12 months) vs 12% SDF solution (applied annually)

Caries arrest · Children (age 1-10 years) with active cavitated dentin caries lesions in primary molars

38% SDF arrested more caries than 12% SDF (pooled ES 0.37, 95% CI 0.27-0.47; single study; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Efficacy in Arresting Cavitated Caries Lesions in Primary Molars: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes
24-30 months · Pediatric dental care in hospital, community/school and outpatient settings (Saudi Arabia, China, India, Brazil, Spain) · SDF application frequency: variable (Fung 2018; 38% vs 12% SDF)
ES 0.37 [0.27, 0.47]
1 study · 888 participants
GRADE not reported

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF; 30% or 38%) vs No treatment or another non-invasive/minimally-invasive treatment (ART, sodium fluoride or silver-based varnish, or 12% SDF)

Caries arrest · Children (age 1-10 years) with active cavitated dentin caries lesions in primary molars

SDF is effective in arresting caries progression in cavitated primary molars overall (pooled ES 0.33, 95% CI 0.26-0.40; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Efficacy in Arresting Cavitated Caries Lesions in Primary Molars: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes
Pooled across follow-up evaluations (1-36 months) · Pediatric dental care in hospital, community/school and outpatient settings (Saudi Arabia, China, India, Brazil, Spain)
ES 0.33 [0.26, 0.40]
5 studies · 1386 participants
GRADE not reported

30% silver diamine fluoride vs Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART)

Patient discomfort during treatment (anxiety scale) · Children (age 1-10 years) with active cavitated dentin caries lesions in primary molars

One study found no significant difference in patient discomfort between SDF and ART (p = 0.15; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Efficacy in Arresting Cavitated Caries Lesions in Primary Molars: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes
During/after the treatment procedure · Pediatric dental care in hospital, community/school and outpatient settings (Saudi Arabia, China, India, Brazil, Spain)
Only one study assessed patient discomfort during treatment (SDF vs ART) using the patient's anxiety scale, obtaining almost overlapping results (p = 0.15).
1 study · 67 participants
GRADE not reported

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF; 30% or 38%) vs Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART)

Caries arrest · Children (age 1-10 years) with active cavitated dentin caries lesions in primary molars

SDF was not significantly better than ART at arresting caries (pooled ES 0.05, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.51; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Efficacy in Arresting Cavitated Caries Lesions in Primary Molars: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes
Pooled across 3-12 month follow-ups · Pediatric dental care in hospital, community/school and outpatient settings (Saudi Arabia, China, India, Brazil, Spain) · Comparator: SDF vs ART (moderator analysis by treatment type)
ES 0.05 [-0.42, 0.51]
2 studies · 146 participants
GRADE not reported