Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

192 questions · 196 findings · 21 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 48 · 24.5%GRADE not reported 5 · 2.6%Very low 80 · 40.8%Low 38 · 19.4%Moderate 16 · 8.2%High 9 · 4.6%

Primary health professional‐led or collaborative care vs usual or enhanced care

Quality of life ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) SF‐36 social functioning (higher score = higher quality of life) · women with perinatal depression

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led collaborative care interventions changes quality of life ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual or enhanced care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… showed no clear difference in clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months… compared with enhanced usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Prevalence of methamphetamine use (1 to 6 months post intervention) (RR < 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… showed no clear difference in prevalence of methamphetamine use (1 to 6 months post intervention)… compared with enhanced usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ risk of hazardous or harmful alcohol use · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol and substance use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Quality of life · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Service utilisation ‐ unplanned hospitalisations (1 to 6 months post intervention) (RR < 1 denotes lower risk) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… changes service utilisation ‐ unplanned hospitalisations (1 to 6 months post… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use vs enhanced usual care

Adverse events ‐ death in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk of death) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… changes adverse events ‐ deaths (RR < 1 denotes lower risk) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… showed no clear difference in clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months… compared with enhanced usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Cannabis use · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes prevalence of cannabis use (1 to 6 months post intervention) (RR < 1… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ risk of hazardous or harmful alcohol use · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ overall risk of harmful or hazardous alcohol and substance use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Quality of life (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… showed no clear difference in quality of life (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Service utilisation (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of visits to primary care centres due to alcohol consumption (RR > 1 denotes greater risk) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes service utilisation (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Adverse events (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of alcohol‐related consequences ‐ accidents (RR > 1 denotes greater risk) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes adverse events (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ incidence of… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review