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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,721 questions · 19,640 findings · 2,039 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,754 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 1,273 · 6.5%Very low 4,859 · 24.7%Low 5,568 · 28.4%Moderate 3,240 · 16.5%High 946 · 4.8%

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RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo

Worsening of clinical status (expressed as new need for IMV, admission to ICU, or death by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies… showed no clear difference in worsening of clinical status (expressed as new need for IMV,… compared with saline placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Hypotension requiring medical therapy (vasopressors or fluid boluses), occurring during the procedure No. of participants: 124(1 RCT) · Procedural pain in neonates

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes hypotension requiring medical therapy (vasopressors or fluid… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early ventilation tubes vs watchful waiting

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether early ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME Randomised by child compared with watchful waiting (treatment later if required) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube vs unilateral ventilation tube only

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and unilateral ventilation tube changes presence or persistence of OME (3 years ‐ long‐term) № of… compared with unilateral ventilation tube only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and ventilation tubes vs watchful waiting

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME (at 2 years ‐ long‐term) № of… compared with no treatment/watchful waiting (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy (with or without myringotomy) vs watchful waiting

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy (with or without myringotomy) changes presence or persistence of OME ‐ over 12 months № of participants:… compared with no treatment/watchful waiting (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes vs bilateral ventilation tubes only

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether adenoidectomy and bilateral ventilation tubes changes presence/persistence of OME ‐ over 12 months № of participants: 254… compared with bilateral ventilation tubes only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics changes presence/persistence of OME compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs no treatment

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

Antibiotics may leads to lower presence/persistence of OME (up to 3 months) № of participants: 542… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intranasal steroid spray vs no treatment

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether topical (intranasal) steroids changes presence/persistence of OME (short‐term); assumed ICC = 0.5 compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Transfer to inpatient care Defined as referral for: presence of danger signs and failed appetite test on first day of treatment (Alvarez Moran 2018)b; appearance of severe signs of illness, persistent oedema, absence of weight gain in non‐oedemato... · children aged > 6 months and < 5 years with wasting

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes transfer to inpatient care Defined as referral for: presence of… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review