Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,539 questions · 2,602 findings · 424 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 572 · 22%GRADE not reported 189 · 7.3%Very low 527 · 20.3%Low 685 · 26.3%Moderate 514 · 19.8%High 115 · 4.4%

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Deep vein thrombosis · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether intravenous tranexamic acid changes risk of deep vein thrombosis (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous tranexamic acid vs placebo

Risk of suspected serious drug reactions (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether intravenous tranexamic acid changes risk of suspected serious drug reactions (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

Risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) · people undergoing definitive fixation of hip, pelvic and long bone fractures

It is very uncertain whether topical tranexamic acid changes all‐cause mortality (30 days post‐surgery) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Deep surgical site infection · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes deep surgical site infection compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Delayed or non‐union (medium term) · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes delayed union or non‐union compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed)

Adverse events ‐ superficial infection · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs

It is very uncertain whether timing of wound closure (immediate changes adverse events ‐ superficial infection compared with delayed) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Deep surgical site infection at 30 days or 90 days, or time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: superficial infection · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: superficial infection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Antibiotic versus heparin only lock/flush solution: catheter‐related infections · adults and children diagnosed with an oncologic disease with a newly‐inserted long‐term CVC who were at risk of neutropenia due to…

The intervention probably leads to lower antibiotic versus heparin only lock/flush solution: catheter‐related… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review