What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs other treatments

• Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 345 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

bed rest vs advice to stay active

• Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 393 participants
  Moderate

bed rest vs advice to stay active

• Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 393 participants
  Moderate

bed rest vs advice to stay active

• Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 330 participants
  Moderate

bed rest vs advice to stay active

• Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low‐back pain and sciatica 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 330 participants
  Moderate

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ any reason compared with typical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

• Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.09, 1.81]
  1 study · 38 participants
  Moderate

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ due to adverse events compared with typical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

• Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.07, 14.85]
  1 study · 38 participants
  Moderate

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ long term ‐ lost to compared with typical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

• Levomepromazine for schizophrenia 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.07, 14.85]
  1 study · 38 participants
  Moderate

Immediate-delayed implants (placed within 8 weeks after tooth extraction) vs Delayed implants (placed at least 2 months after extraction)

Immediate-delayed implants (placed within 8 weeks after tooth… led to lower patients' perception of how long treatment took compared with delayed implants (placed at least 2 months after extraction); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for replacing missing teeth: dental implants in fresh extraction sockets (immediate, immediate‐delayed… 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  MD -20.30 [-33.36, -7.24]
  1 study · 44 participants
  GRADE not reported

CLOZAPINE vs Typical antipsychotics

CLOZAPINE probably leads to lower global impression: 1. Not clinically improved ‐ long term compared with TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS (moderate certainty).

• Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.76, 0.91]
  2 studies · 648 participants
  Moderate

CLOZAPINE vs Typical antipsychotics

CLOZAPINE probably leads to lower relapse ‐ long term compared with TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL (moderate certainty).

• Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.22 [0.14, 0.34]
  4 studies · 578 participants
  Moderate
• Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.17 [0.1, 0.3]
  1 study · 423 participants
  Moderate

Abatacept (2 and 10mg/kg) + DMARDs/biologic vs placebo + DMARDs/biologic

• Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis 2009 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 950 participants
  Low

Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer

• Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  Meijering 1998 (data by restoration, not pooled; no statistical analysis possible). Failures over 2-year follow-up: direct resin composite (n=69) 4 absolute and 14 relative failures; indirect resin composite (n=54) 7…
  1 study · 123 participants
  GRADE not reported

Indirect veneer with no incisal edge reduction vs Indirect veneer with incisal edge reduction (1.5 mm plus short palatal bevel)

• Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  Meijering 1998 (Table 3): survival percentages by preparation type at 2 years (original/functional/overall) - no incisal edge reduction 98/97/95; incisal reduction 95/90/87. No statistical comparison performed.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Direct resin composite veneer vs Porcelain (indirect) veneer

• Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 years
  Meijering 1998 (data by restoration, not pooled; no statistical analysis possible). Failures over 2-year follow-up: direct resin composite (n=69) 4 absolute and 14 relative failures; porcelain (n=56) 0 absolute and 3…
  1 study · 125 participants
  GRADE not reported

Ceramic inlays (all types) vs Gold inlay

Ceramic inlays (all types) showed no clear difference in failure rate (longevity) at 5 years compared with gold inlay; GRADE not reported.

• Ceramic inlays for restoring posterior teeth 2003 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 years
  OR 1.12 [0.08, 15.0]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY vs medication

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY may leads to higher global impression: 1. Not able to be discharged (long term) compared with MEDICATION (low certainty).

• Individual psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis for schizophrenia and severe mental illness 2001 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 8.35 [2.03, 34.3]
  1 study · 94 participants
  Low

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

• Anticoagulation for people receiving long‐term haemodialysis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  1.58 [0.46, 5.42]
  3 studies · 91 participants
  Low