Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether electromagnetic radiation (low-level laser therapy) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement of histological features (not improved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects of pain treatment · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Healing of osteonecrosis - improvement ('healed' or 'improved' vs 'unchanged' or 'worse') · People with BRONJ (mean age ~66 years; most treated with bisphosphonates for cancer (multiple myeloma, breast cancer) or osteoporosis)
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard care (surgery, antibiotics,… showed no clear difference in healing of osteonecrosis - improvement ('healed' or 'improved' vs… compared with standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse); GRADE not reported.
5 findings from 1 review
RR 1.75 [0.51, 5.98]
1 study · 18 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 1.78 [0.97, 3.28]
1 study · 46 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 1.94 [1.01, 3.74]
1 study · 45 participants
Very low
Show 2 more findings
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents and adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) showed no clear difference in patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with placebo (or no irradiation); GRADE not reported.
5 findings from 1 review
MD -10.63 [-22.33, 1.07]
2 studies · 118 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -6.39 [-8.65, -4.13]
1 study · 58 participants
GRADE not reported
Two further studies (160 participants) used bespoke assessments. Harazaki 1997 (84 participants): slightly lower proportion reporting severe pain in the intervention group, no inferential statistics. Turhani 2006 (76…
2 studies · 160 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 2 more findings
MD -10.76 [-13.80, -7.73]
2 studies · 118 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -20.27 [-24.50, -16.04]
2 studies · 118 participants
Low
Adverse event: tremor · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: tremor compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment
Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) showed no clear difference in patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct); GRADE not reported.
5 findings from 1 review
MD -1.39 [-3.24, 0.64]
1 study · 39 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -29.16 [-51.67, -6.65]
1 study · 39 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -15.17 [-32.44, 2.11]
2 studies · 96 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 2 more findings
MD -15.38 [-28.90, -1.86]
2 studies · 96 participants
Very low
Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes1 day · Bite wafer subgroup (median data, opposite direction)
Otasevic 2006 (84 participants) presented median values only and reported higher median pain in the bite wafer group than the group who avoided chewing at one day (P = 0.006); data not suitable for meta‐analysis.
1 study · 84 participants
GRADE not reported
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam 0.5 mg/day) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
QoL · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Healing of osteonecrosis - healed ('healed' vs 'improved', 'unchanged' or 'worse') · People with BRONJ (mean age ~66 years; most treated with bisphosphonates for cancer (multiple myeloma, breast cancer) or osteoporosis)
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy plus standard care (surgery, antibiotics,… showed no clear difference in healing of osteonecrosis - healed ('healed' vs 'improved',… compared with standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse); GRADE not reported.
5 findings from 1 review
RR 1.56 [0.77, 3.18]
1 study · 46 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 1.00 [0.25, 4.00]
1 study · 18 participants
GRADE not reported
RR 0.95 [0.44, 2.04]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 2 more findings
Adverse effects · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: exacerbation of symptoms · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) changes adverse effects: exacerbation of symptoms compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical resolution (oral lesion not completely resolved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects of pain treatment · Adolescents and adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Somnolence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements (Catuama herbal compound) changes adverse effects: drowsiness compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief: VAS (1 mm to 100 mm) ‐ 24 hours. Assumed risk: Not measured. Corresponding risk: not estimable. 39 participants (1 RCT). Quality: very low. Comments: insufficient…
1 study · 39 participants
Very low
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents and adults undergoing orthodontic treatment
Vibratory stimulation (vibratory adjuncts) showed no clear difference in patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no vibration or placebo vibration; GRADE not reported.
5 findings from 1 review
MD 1.28 [-3.16, 5.71]
3 studies · 154 participants
GRADE not reported
MD -0.52 [-9.41, 8.36]
2 studies · 115 participants
GRADE not reported
Lobre 2015 (high risk of bias): mean overall pain intensity 8.49 mm lower on the VAS during the second month (P = 0.04) and 6.26 mm lower during the fourth month (P = 0.03); no evidence of benefit at month one or month…
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Show 2 more findings
Somnolence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) changes adverse effects: drowsiness compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical resolution (oral lesion not completely resolved) · People with a diagnosis of oral leukoplakia
1 finding from 1 review
SoF 4, Clinical resolution (not completely resolved) at 3 to 6 months: '3 studies (freeze-dried black raspberry gel, green tea extract capsules, mixed tea) did not find evidence of benefit.' No GRADE. Effects text:…
4 studies
GRADE not reported