Question · asked by 1 review
Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct): Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale)
- Population
- Adolescents/teenagers undergoing orthodontic treatment
- Intervention
- Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum)
- Comparison
- No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct)
- Outcome
- Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale)
Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) showed no clear difference in patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct); GRADE not reported.
What each review found
Include earlier review versionsNo studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 4 · 80%Very low 1 · 20%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct) Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment · 6 hours Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) showed no clear difference in patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct); GRADE not reported. Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment (2016) · Cochrane All outcomes | MD -1.39 [-3.24, 0.64] | 1 study · 39 participants | GRADE not reported |
Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct) Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment · 3 days Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) led to lower patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct); GRADE not reported. Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment (2016) · Cochrane All outcomes | MD -29.16 [-51.67, -6.65] | 1 study · 39 participants | GRADE not reported |
Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct) Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment · 7 days Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) showed no clear difference in patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct); GRADE not reported. Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment (2016) · Cochrane All outcomes | MD -15.17 [-32.44, 2.11] | 2 studies · 96 participants | GRADE not reported |
Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct) Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment · 24 hours It is very uncertain whether experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) changes patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct) (very low certainty). Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment (2016) · Cochrane All outcomes | MD -15.38 [-28.90, -1.86] | 2 studies · 96 participants | Very low |
Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs No chewing gum, placebo, or control (no adjunct) Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment · 1 day, Bite wafer subgroup (median data, opposite direction) Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment (2016) · Cochrane All outcomes | Otasevic 2006 (84 participants) presented median values only and reported higher median pain in the bite wafer group than the group who avoided chewing at one day (P = 0.006); data not suitable for meta‐analysis. | 1 study · 84 participants | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes | 2016-10 | Not listed | Not assessed |
Related questions
The same intervention and outcome, asked in another population or against another comparator.
- Experimental chewing adjuncts (bite wafers or chewing gum) vs placebo or no intervention · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies) · 0 reviews
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.