Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Rutosides vs placebo

Complications associated with varicose veins and leg oedema (deep vein thrombosis) · Pregnant women with varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy

Rutoside showed no clear difference in complications associated with varicose veins and leg oedema (deep… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Rutosides vs placebo

Symptoms associated with varicose veins and oedema (improvement in symptoms) · Pregnant women with varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy

Rutoside probably leads to higher symptoms associated with varicose veins and oedema (improvement in… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

All routine Doppler ultrasound vs no Doppler ultrasound

Stillbirth ‐ Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery · Pregnant women in unselected or low‐risk populations.

All routine Doppler ultrasound showed no clear difference in stillbirth ‐ Fetal/umbilical vessels + uterine artery compared with no Doppler ultrasound (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

All routine Doppler ultrasound vs no Doppler ultrasound

Admission to neonatal special care unit or intensive care unit · Pregnant women in unselected or low‐risk populations.

All routine Doppler ultrasound showed no clear difference in neonatal admission to special care baby unit/neonatal intensive care… compared with no Doppler ultrasound (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Perinatal mortality · women in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation) in both unselected populations and designated low‐risk populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Induction of labour · women in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation) in both unselected populations and designated low‐risk populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in induction of labour (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Caesarean section · women in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation) in both unselected populations and designated low‐risk populations

The intervention showed no clear difference in caesarean section (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal psychological effects · women in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation) in both unselected populations and designated low‐risk populations
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Neurodevelopment at age 2 · women in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks' gestation) in both unselected populations and designated low‐risk populations
1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo

Puerperal sepsis/postpartum endometritis · women in the second or third trimester of pregnancy before labour and delivery

Prophylactic antibiotics probably leads to lower puerperal sepsis/postpartum endometritis compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Case notes vs control

Women who felt in control · pregnant women from the time of their first antenatal visit to the end of the puerperium

Case notes probably leads to higher women who felt in control compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Case notes vs control

Satisfaction with antenatal care (possible values 81‐405, Littlefield 1987) · pregnant women from the time of their first antenatal visit to the end of the puerperium

Case notes showed no clear difference in women's satisfaction with antenatal care compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Case notes vs control

Breastfeeding · pregnant women from the time of their first antenatal visit to the end of the puerperium

Case notes showed no clear difference in breastfeeding compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Case notes vs control

Epidural analgesia during labour · pregnant women from the time of their first antenatal visit to the end of the puerperium

Case notes showed no clear difference in epidural analgesia used in labour compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review