Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LABA/ICS leads to higher pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LAMA leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LAMA showed no clear difference in pneumonia: high‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LAMA showed no clear difference in pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LABA/LAMA probably leads to lower pneumonia: high‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LABA/LAMA probably leads to lower pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%
LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
All‐cause mortality Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality Median (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
ASCVD event, such as fatal or non‐fatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
The intervention showed no clear difference in ASCVD event, such as fatal or non‐fatal myocardial infarction or… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Any investigator‐defined adverse event Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
The intervention probably leads to higher any investigator‐defined adverse event Median (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Total cholesterol, mmol/L Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adherence, variable definitions Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…
The intervention probably leads to higher adherence, variable definitions Median (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review