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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,751 questions · 12,775 findings · 807 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,413 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 709 · 5.5%Very low 3,483 · 27.3%Low 3,165 · 24.8%Moderate 1,628 · 12.7%High 377 · 3%

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Smoking cessation advice vs no smoking cessation counselling, grouped by intensity of intervention

Quit at longest · individuals who smoke cigarettes and are admitted to a hospital for medical or surgical care

It is very uncertain whether smoking cessation counselling changes quit at longest compared with no smoking cessation counselling, grouped by intensity of intervention (very low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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Hospital‐only intervention vs intervention that continues after hospital discharge

Pharmacotherapy + behavioural support vs neither · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients

Hospital‐only intervention leads to higher pharmacotherapy + behavioural support vs neither compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Telephone quitline referral vs usual care or no treatment

Health system telephone counselling vs quitline · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients

It is very uncertain whether telephone quitline referral changes health system telephone counselling vs quitline compared with no treatment or usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacotherapy plus counselling vs no pharmacotherapy or placebo plus counselling

Quit at longest · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients

Pharmacotherapy plus counselling leads to higher quit at longest compared with no pharmacotherapy or placebo plus counselling (high certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Hospital‐only intervention vs intervention that continues after hospital discharge

Behavioural support ‐ asynchronous** · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients

It is very uncertain whether hospital‐only intervention changes behavioural support ‐ asynchronous** compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hospital‐only intervention vs intervention that continues after hospital discharge

Behavioural support ‐ synchronous** · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients

Hospital‐only intervention showed no clear difference in behavioural support ‐ synchronous** compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Incidence of pressure ulcers · inpatients who are mildly or seriously malnourished or at risk of being malnourished, elderly patients at risk of developing pressure ulcers

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients showed no clear difference in incidence of pressure ulcers compared with standard diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Protein vs standard diet

Gastrointestinal adverse events · patients (> 65 years) following hip fracture; patients with a recent stroke

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Protein changes side effects: at least one adverse gastrointestinal event compared with standard diet (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

The proportion of pressure ulcers healed · long‐term care patients; inpatients without dehydration with energy intake by tube feeding; patients with pressure ulcers

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients may leads to higher pressure ulcers healed compared with standard diet (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Time to complete healing of pressure ulcers ‐ not reported · long‐term care patients; inpatients without dehydration with energy intake by tube feeding; patients with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Change in area/depth/volume of pressure ulcers ‐ not reported · long‐term care patients; inpatients without dehydration with energy intake by tube feeding; patients with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Acceptability of nutritional supplements ‐ not reported · long‐term care patients; inpatients without dehydration with energy intake by tube feeding; patients with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review