Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,432 questions · 1,467 findings · 116 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 232 · 15.8%GRADE not reported 202 · 13.8%Very low 286 · 19.5%Low 327 · 22.3%Moderate 286 · 19.5%High 134 · 9.1%

Enteral vs parenteral nutrition

All‐cause mortality · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

Enteral showed no clear difference in mortality compared with parenteral nutrition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition

Ventilator‐free days up to day 28 · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition

Adverse events: aspiration (as reported by study authors at end of study · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition

Adverse events: sepsis (as reported by study authors at end of study · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition

Adverse events ‐ pneumonia · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

It is very uncertain whether enteral changes adverse events: pneumonia (as reported by study authors at end of… compared with enteral and parenteral nutrition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition

Adverse events: Vomiting · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs parenteral nutrition

Number of ICU‐free days up to day 28 · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs parenteral nutrition

Adverse events: aspiration (as reported by study authors at end of study · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

It is very uncertain whether enteral changes adverse events: aspiration (as reported by study authors at end of… compared with parenteral nutrition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs parenteral nutrition

Adverse events: sepsis (as reported by study authors at end of study · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

Enteral may leads to lower adverse events: sepsis (as reported by study authors at end of study compared with parenteral nutrition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs parenteral nutrition

Adverse events ‐ pneumonia · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

Enteral showed no clear difference in adverse events: pneumonia (as reported by study authors at end of… compared with parenteral nutrition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs parenteral nutrition

Adverse events: Vomiting · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

It is very uncertain whether enteral changes adverse events: vomiting (as reported by study authors at end of study compared with parenteral nutrition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition

All‐cause mortality · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

Enteral showed no clear difference in mortality compared with enteral and parenteral nutrition (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Enteral vs enteral and parenteral nutrition

Number of ICU‐free days up to day 28 · critically ill adults admitted to the ICU for trauma, emergency, or post‐surgical care; population excludes participants with acute…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review