Intervention not reported
Reported mortality As reported in the trials · patients having major abdominal surgery
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes reported mortality As reported in the trials (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Atelectasis As reported in the trials · patients having major abdominal surgery
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes atelectasis As reported in the trials (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pneumonia As reported in the included trials · patients having major abdominal surgery
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes pneumonia As reported in the included trials (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with postoperative nausea and vomiting (postoperative care unit) · paediatric
Induction and maintenance: sevoflurane + nitrous oxide (N2O) may leads to higher postoperative nausea and vomiting compared with propofol + N2O (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative behavioural disturbances Different scales · paediatric
It is very uncertain whether induction and maintenance: sevoflurane + nitrous oxide (N2O) changes postoperative behavioural disturbances Different scales compared with propofol + N2O (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intraoperative and postoperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications · paediatric
It is very uncertain whether induction and maintenance: sevoflurane + nitrous oxide (N2O) changes intraoperative and postoperative respiratory and cardiovascular… compared with propofol + N2O (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea and vomiting ‐ subgroup analysis: thiopentone or halothane + N2O versus propofol or propofol + N2O · paediatric
Maintenance anaesthesia: inhalational may leads to higher nausea and vomiting ‐ subgroup analysis: thiopentone or halothane +… compared with intravenous (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Complication rate · adult patients undergoing elective surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in complication rate (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Length of hospital stay (days) · adult patients undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postoperative well‐being by visual analogue scale or by standardized questionnaire · adult patients undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postoperative nausea by visual analogue scale at 24 hours postop · adult patients undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postoperative vomiting · adult patients undergoing elective surgery
The intervention showed no clear difference in postoperative vomiting (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postoperative fatigue by visual analogue scale or by 10‐point ordinal scale · adult patients undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Postop insulin sensitivity (clamp) measured as standardized glucose infusion rate (mg/kg/min)l · adult patients undergoing elective surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Number requiring additional analgesia at any time postoperatively ‐ low dose clonidine · patients with postoperative pain
Clonidine showed no clear difference in number requiring additional analgesia at any time postoperatively ‐… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number requiring opioids postoperatively · patients with postoperative pain
Clonidine showed no clear difference in number requiring opioids postoperatively compared with fentanyl (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Single small study · patients with postoperative pain
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia) · patients with postoperative pain
High dose clonidine showed no clear difference in number requiring additional analgesia required postoperatively ‐ all… compared with low dose clonidine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number requiring additional analgesia required postoperatively ‐ moderate quality studies · patients with postoperative pain
High dose clonidine may leads to lower number requiring additional analgesia required postoperatively ‐… compared with low dose clonidine (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative pain score · patients with postoperative pain
1 finding from 1 review