Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,230 questions · 1,303 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 73 · 5.6%GRADE not reported 21 · 1.6%Very low 497 · 38.1%Low 403 · 30.9%Moderate 245 · 18.8%High 64 · 4.9%

Intervention not reported

Retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment · extremely preterm infants

The intervention probably leads to lower retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.61, 0.85]
5 studies · 4089 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Necrotising enterocolitis · extremely preterm infants

The intervention leads to higher necrotising enterocolitis (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [1.05, 1.47]
5 studies · 4929 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Blindness · extremely preterm infants

The intervention showed no clear difference in blindness (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.65, 1.97]
5 studies · 3875 participants
Moderate

ICS + LAMA add‐on vs ICS dose increase

Mean exacerbations requiring a course of oral corticosteroids · adults with asthma

ICS + LAMA add‐on showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring a course of OCSa 14 weeks compared with ICS dose increase (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus higher dose ICS for adults… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.57 [0.22, 1.43]
1 study · 174 participants
Low

ICS + LAMA add‐on vs ICS dose increase

AQLQ score (Scale 1 to 7, where 1 = severely impaired and 7 = no impairment) · adults with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus higher dose ICS for adults… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low

ICS + LAMA add‐on vs ICS dose increase

SAEs · adults with asthma

ICS + LAMA add‐on showed no clear difference in SAEs (all cause) compared with ICS dose increase (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus higher dose ICS for adults… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.2, 5.09]
1 study · 174 participants
Low

ICS + LAMA add‐on vs ICS dose increase

Exacerbations needing hospitalisation · adults with asthma

ICS + LAMA add‐on showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring hospitalisation 14 weeks compared with ICS dose increase (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus higher dose ICS for adults… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1 [0.06, 16.24]
1 study · 174 participants
Low

ICS + LAMA add‐on vs ICS dose increase

Exacerbations leading to ED visits · adults with asthma

ICS + LAMA add‐on showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring ED visit 14 weeks compared with ICS dose increase (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus higher dose ICS for adults… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.49 [0.09, 2.77]
1 study · 174 participants
Low

ICS + LAMA add‐on vs ICS dose increase

FEV1 · adults with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus higher dose ICS for adults… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate

ICS + LAMA add‐on vs ICS dose increase

ACQ score Scale = 0 to 6 (0 = no impairment; 6 = maximum impairment) · adults with asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) versus higher dose ICS for adults… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low