Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,247 questions · 1,321 findings · 334 reviews

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No studies found 73 · 5.5%GRADE not reported 31 · 2.3%Very low 500 · 37.9%Low 406 · 30.7%Moderate 247 · 18.7%High 64 · 4.8%

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Necrotising enterocolitis · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Weight gain · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Linear growth (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 77 participants
Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Necrotising enterocolitis · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Linear growth (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 48 participants
Low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 18 participants
Very low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Necrotising enterocolitis · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 46 participants
Low

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Weight gain · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Linear growth (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

Growth: head circumference (cm/week) · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Death or major disability by 18 to 24 months corrected age (aligned definition) · extremely preterm infants

The intervention showed no clear difference in death or major disability by 18 to 24 months corrected age (aligned… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.98, 1.1]
5 studies · 4754 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Death to 18 to 24 months corrected age · extremely preterm infants

The intervention leads to higher death to 18 to 24 months corrected age (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [1.03, 1.31]
5 studies · 4873 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Major disability by 18 to 24 months corrected age (aligned definition) · extremely preterm infants

The intervention showed no clear difference in major disability by 18 to 24 months corrected age (aligned definition) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.93, 1.09]
5 studies · 3867 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment · extremely preterm infants

The intervention probably leads to lower retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.61, 0.85]
5 studies · 4089 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Necrotising enterocolitis · extremely preterm infants

The intervention leads to higher necrotising enterocolitis (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [1.05, 1.47]
5 studies · 4929 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Blindness · extremely preterm infants

The intervention showed no clear difference in blindness (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effects of targeting lower versus higher arterial oxygen saturations on death or disability in preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.65, 1.97]
5 studies · 3875 participants
Moderate