Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,072 questions · 4,237 findings · 447 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 946 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 257 · 6.1%Very low 1,121 · 26.5%Low 1,207 · 28.5%Moderate 568 · 13.4%High 138 · 3.3%

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes pain scores (first postoperative day) VAS, lower score indicates… compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Surgical site infection · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) changes number of surgical site infections (SSIs) before discharge compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Number of symptomatic UTIs or bacteriuria before discharge · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) changes number of symptomatic UTIs or bacteriuria before discharge compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Febrile morbidity · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) changes number of women with febrile morbidity at hospital discharge compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Mesh exposure · women with urinary stress incontinence undergoing continence surgery

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic antibiotics (single or combined drugs) changes number of mesh exposures within six weeks after the operation compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review