Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,760 questions · 8,065 findings · 1,036 reviews

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No studies found 1,686 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 675 · 8.4%Very low 1,953 · 24.2%Low 2,048 · 25.4%Moderate 1,296 · 16.1%High 407 · 5%

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Zinc vs no zinc supplementation

Low birthweight · Pregnant women (healthy and probable zinc deficiency)

Zinc supplementation showed no clear difference in low Birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with no zinc (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc supplementation for improving pregnancy and infant outcome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.79, 1.13]
17 studies · 7399 participants
Moderate

Early discharge vs standard discharge

Costs of postnatal care following discharge from hospital in the period up to 6 weeks after the birth · healthy mothers and term infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early postnatal discharge from hospital for healthy mothers and term infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1011 participants
Low

Early discharge vs standard discharge

Costs of hospital care in the period immediately following the birth up to the time of discharge · healthy mothers and term infants

1 finding from 1 review

Early postnatal discharge from hospital for healthy mothers and term infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1011 participants
Low

Macrolides vs placebo

Asthma symptoms · adults and children with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Macrolides versus placebo for chronic asthma 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 136 participants
Very low

Macrolides vs placebo

Asthma control · adults and children with chronic asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Macrolides versus placebo for chronic asthma 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 773 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cohort studies ‐ autism risk (low), MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old

The intervention showed no clear difference in cohort studies ‐ autism risk (low), MMR (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 1 [0.89, 1.14]
1 study · 93071 participants
Moderate

Soft cup vs rigid cup

Low Apgar score · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

Soft cup showed no clear difference in low Apgar score at 5 minutes (less than 7 or as defined by trial… compared with rigid cup (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Instruments for assisted vaginal birth 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.49, 1.37]
9 studies · 1148 participants
Low

Soft cup vs rigid cup

Low umbilical artery pH (< 7.2 or as defined by trial authors) · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

Soft cup showed no clear difference in low umbilical artery pH (< 7.2 or as defined by trial authors) compared with rigid cup (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Instruments for assisted vaginal birth 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.47, 1.36]
1 study · 100 participants
Low

Handheld vacuum vs any vacuum cup

Low Apgar score · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

Handheld vacuum showed no clear difference in low Apgar score at 5 minutes (< 7 or as defined by trial authors) compared with any vacuum cup (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Instruments for assisted vaginal birth 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.34, 4.61]
3 studies · 784 participants
Low

Handheld vacuum vs any vacuum cup

Low umbilical artery pH (< 7.2 or as defined by trial authors) · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

Handheld vacuum showed no clear difference in low umbilical artery pH (< 7.2 or as defined by trial authors) compared with any vacuum cup (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Instruments for assisted vaginal birth 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.71, 1.59]
1 study · 164 participants
Low

Any type of forceps vs any vacuum cup

Low Apgar score · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

Any type of forceps showed no clear difference in low Apgar score at 5 minutes (< 7 or as defined by trial authors) compared with any type of vacuum cup (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Instruments for assisted vaginal birth 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.46, 1.51]
7 studies · 1644 participants
Moderate

Any type of forceps vs any vacuum cup

Low umbilical artery pH (< 7.2 or as defined by trial authors) · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

Any type of forceps showed no clear difference in low umbilical artery pH (< 7.2 or as defined by trial authors) compared with any type of vacuum cup (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Instruments for assisted vaginal birth 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [0.91, 1.93]
2 studies · 789 participants
Low

Music intervention plus standard care vs usual care

Anxiety · children with cancer

1 finding from 1 review

Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in people with cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 79 participants
Very low

Glucocorticoid with cyclophosphamide plus usual care vs placebo or usual care

Mortality at 30 days following the ingestion of paraquat · people with moderate to severe oral paraquat poisoning