What do systematic reviews say?

Acupuncture or acupressure vs placebo

Acupressure/acupuncture may leads to lower vomiting ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.52 [0.33, 0.8]
  9 studies · 1221 participants
  Low

Acupuncture or acupressure vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether acupressure/acupuncture changes vomiting ‐ postoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.52 [0.34, 0.79]
  7 studies · 1069 participants
  Very low

5‐HT3 antagonists vs placebo

5‐HT3 antagonists may leads to lower vomiting ‐ postoperative compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.47 [0.31, 0.69]
  10 studies · 1450 participants
  Low

Dopamine antagonists vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether dopamine antagonists changes nausea ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.27, 0.52]
  15 studies · 1180 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.48, 0.79]
  7 studies · 601 participants
  Low

Dopamine antagonists vs placebo

Dopamine antagonists may leads to lower vomiting ‐ intraoperative compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.41 [0.28, 0.6]
  12 studies · 942 participants
  Low

Dopamine antagonists vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether dopamine antagonists changes vomiting ‐ postoperative compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing nausea and vomiting in women undergoing regional anaesthesia for caesarean section 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.44, 0.92]
  9 studies · 860 participants
  Very low

Peer support vs alternative interventions

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Peer support vs alternative interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Peer support vs alternative interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Peer support vs alternative interventions

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  81 participants
  GRADE not reported

Peer support vs alternative interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Peer support vs alternative interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Peer support vs alternative interventions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Peer support vs alternative interventions

• Peer support interventions for parents and carers of children with complex needs 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 95 participants
  Very low

Chemotherapy (any regimen; added to, or compared with, locoregional treatment) vs Locoregional treatment and/or an alternative chemotherapy regimen

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Harms/toxicity were planned but very little quantitative data suitable for analysis were found; toxicity reported narratively and not quantified or GRADE-rated.
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Concomitant (concurrent) chemoradiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone

Concomitant (concurrent) chemoradiotherapy led to lower disease-free survival, concurrent chemoradiotherapy vs radiotherapy… compared with radiotherapy alone (non-resectable tumours); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.74 [0.67, 0.80]
  13 studies
  GRADE not reported

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy vs Surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy only)

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy led to lower disease-free survival, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation vs… compared with surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy…; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.97]
  4 studies
  GRADE not reported

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy vs Surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy only)

Surgery +/- radiotherapy + (adjuvant) chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival, adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation vs adjuvant… compared with surgery +/- radiotherapy alone (observation or adjuvant radiotherapy… (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.98]
  4 studies · 1097 participants
  Moderate

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) vs Locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone

Induction chemotherapy plus locoregional treatment (radiotherapy… showed no clear difference in overall survival, induction cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil prior to… compared with locoregional treatment (radiotherapy and/or surgery) alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  HR 0.71 [0.37, 1.35]
  2 studies · 389 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy regimen A (+/- locoregional treatment) vs Chemotherapy regimen B (+/- locoregional treatment)

• Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer: chemotherapy 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Locoregional control reported in 12 studies; not pooled. Olasz 2000 RR 0.50 (0.26 to 0.96); Prevost 2005 RR 1.48 (1.04 to 2.11); Molinari 1982 RR 0.35 (0.19 to 0.66).
  12 studies
  GRADE not reported