Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,410 questions · 8,901 findings · 1,091 reviews

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No studies found 1,687 · 19%GRADE not reported 1,469 · 16.5%Very low 1,969 · 22.1%Low 2,060 · 23.1%Moderate 1,302 · 14.6%High 414 · 4.7%

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Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease‐specific quality of life · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 784 participants
High

Anti‐IL‐5 mAb (mepolizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease severity ‐ VAS (range 0 to 10, lower = better) · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Anti‐IL‐5 mAb (mepolizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ CT scan (lower score = better) · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 27 participants
Very low

Anti‐IgE mAb (omalizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease‐specific quality of life · patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 265 participants
Moderate

Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease severity ‐ VAS (range 0 to 10, lower = better) · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 784 participants
Moderate

Anti‐IgE mAb (omalizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ endoscopic score · patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 312 participants
Low

Anti‐IgE mAb (omalizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ CT scan (lower score = better) · patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 47 participants
Very low

Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ endoscopic score · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 784 participants
Moderate

Anti‐IL‐4Rα mAb (dupilumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Extent of disease ‐ CT scan (lower score = better) · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 784 participants
High

Anti‐IL‐5 mAb (mepolizumab) vs placebo (on top of topical steroids)

Disease‐specific quality of life · patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

1 finding from 1 review

Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 105 participants
Low

Monetary incentives: addition of monetary reward vs usual follow‐up

Retention [ · trial participants being followed up for data collection

It is very uncertain whether monetary incentives: addition of monetary reward changes retention [ compared with usual follow‐up (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.09]
3 studies · 1159 participants
Very low

Non‐monetary incentives: addition of pen vs usual follow‐up

Retention [ · trial participants being followed up for data collection

Non‐monetary incentives: addition of pen showed no clear difference in retention [ compared with usual follow‐up (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [1, 1.05]
5 studies · 13013 participants
Low

Maintaining participant engagement: newsletter vs usual follow‐up

Retention [ · trial participants being followed up for data collection

It is very uncertain whether maintaining participant engagement: newsletter changes retention [ compared with usual follow‐up (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.95, 1.04]
4 studies · 5622 participants
Very low

Maintaining participant engagement: post‐it note vs usual follow‐up

Retention [ · trial participants being followed up for data collection

Maintaining participant engagement: post‐it note showed no clear difference in retention [ compared with usual follow‐up (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.99, 1.01]
3 studies · 4698 participants
Low

Reminders: electronic reminder vs usual follow‐up

Retention [ · trial participants being followed up for data collection

Reminders: electronic reminder showed no clear difference in retention [ compared with usual follow‐up (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.95, 1.09]
3 studies · 790 participants
Low

Prompts: Telephone prompt vs usual follow‐up

Retention [ · trial participants being followed up for data collection

It is very uncertain whether prompts: Telephone prompt changes retention [ compared with usual follow‐up (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.85, 1.22]
2 studies · 943 participants
Very low

Prompts: personalised prompt vs usual follow‐up

Retention [ · trial participants being followed up for data collection

Prompts: personalised prompt showed no clear difference in retention [ compared with usual follow‐up (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.89, 1.07]
2 studies · 701 participants
Low

Monetary incentives vs usual follow‐up

Retention [ · trial participants being followed up for data collection

Monetary incentives: addition of monetary incentives may leads to higher retention [ compared with usual follow‐up (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to improve retention in randomised trials 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [1.06, 1.36]
3 studies · 3166 participants
Low

Self-ligating brackets vs Conventional brackets

Amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding) at 10 weeks · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether self-ligating brackets changes amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding) at 10 weeks compared with conventional brackets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
10 weeks
MD -0.40 [-0.93, 0.13]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs No treatment (no periodontal treatment)

Endothelial function · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

Periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other… showed no clear difference in endothelial function (forearm blood flow) compared with no treatment (no periodontal treatment); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
Long term · People diagnosed with periodontitis and other cardiovascular diseases except hypertension
MD 0.10 [-0.67, 0.87]
1 study · 48 participants
GRADE not reported