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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,521 questions in 132 reviews · Hepato-Biliary
current versionsNo studies 303 · 19.9%Ungraded 39 · 2.6%Very low 876 · 57.6%Low 216 · 14.2%Moderate 65 · 4.3%High 22 · 1.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers + variceal band ligation(1 RCT, 140 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR No active intervention(1 RCT, 161 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.36 [0.35, 5.8] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(5 RCTs, 380 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.41 [0.83, 2.43] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR No active intervention(1 RCT, 140 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.14 [0.56, 2.4] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(3 RCTs, 330 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.8 [0.47, 1.36] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Sclerotherapy(1 RCT, 141 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.91 [0.44, 1.95] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Nitrates(1 RCT, 118 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.27 [0.61, 2.66] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers + sclerotherapy(1 RCT, 141 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.92 [0.41, 2.08] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR No active intervention(2 RCTs, 208 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 2.71 [0.97, 7.68] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR No active intervention(10 RCTs, 1200 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 2.04 [1.5, 2.78] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(9 RCTs, 879 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.72 [0.33, 1.51] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Sclerotherapy(3 RCTs, 175 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.02 [0.33, 3.27] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers + variceal band ligation(1 RCT, 173 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.21 [0.04, 0.71] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Nitrates(1 RCT, 52 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 6.4 [1.58, 47.42] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(2 RCTs, 130 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(17 RCTs, 1640 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.05 [0.8, 1.38] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Sclerotherapy(5 RCTs, 320 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.35 [0.95, 1.92] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers + variceal band ligation(2 RCTs, 313 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.11 [0.56, 2.19] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers + nitrates(2 RCTs, 203 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.84 [0.44, 1.64] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Nitrates(3 RCTs, 298 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.19 [0.66, 2.11] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers + sclerotherapy(2 RCTs, 167 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and oesophageal varices with no history of bleeding Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 2.08 [1.03, 4.08] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Interventions · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Sclerotherapy plus Variceal band ligation(No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.78 [0.35, 1.76] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers plus Nitrates plus Variceal band ligation(No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.89 [0.4, 1.98] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers plus Variceal band ligation(No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.83 [0.22, 3.05] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Sclerotherapy plus Nitrates(1 RCT; 76 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.19 [0.02, 0.86] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers(1 RCT; 91 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.47 [0.13, 1.53] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(1 RCT; 100 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.19 [0.06, 0.53] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers plus Sclerotherapy(No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.29 [0.28, 5.7] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers(No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 11.86 [1.16, 427.95] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(3 RCTs; 215 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.39 [0.16, 1.09] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers plus Sclerotherapy(2 RCTs; 71 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.46 [0.36, 6.06] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Sclerotherapy · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR No active intervention(1 RCT; 40 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.22 [0.05, 0.86] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR TIPS(No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.02 [0, 0.17] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(2 RCTs; 188 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.4 [0.26, 0.61] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers plus Sclerotherapy(2 RCTs; 128 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.93 [0.68, 1.26] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR TIPS(1 RCT; 63 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 1.1 [0.73, 1.66] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Portocaval shunt(1 RCT; 45 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.87 [0.34, 2.28] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(1 RCT; 111 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.94 [0.03, 35.27] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers plus Sclerotherapy(1 RCT; 40 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.26 [0.17, 10.1] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR TIPS(1 RCT; 80 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.52 [0.39, 6.6] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers(1 RCT; 28 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.46 [0, 43.25] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers(9 RCTs; 493 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.88 [0.66, 1.18] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR No active intervention(No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.19 [0, 1726.76] | NR | Very low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers(6 RCTs; 420 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.62 [1.14, 2.38] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Variceal band ligation(2 RCTs; 111 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.61 [0.72, 3.77] | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Beta‐blockers plus sclerotherapy(4 RCTs; 231 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.6 [0.37, 0.95] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR No active intervention(3 RCTs; 296 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 1.61 [1.01, 2.86] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR TIPS(2 RCTs; 109 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding Secondary prevention of variceal bleeding in adults with previous oesophageal variceal bleeding due to… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.18 [0.08, 0.38] | NR | Moderate |