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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement

current versions

No studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Summary of findings ‐ Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Death ‐ 5032 persons in 17 RCTs of 3 to 12 weeks ___________________________________________ Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Moderate
Summary of findings ‐ Typical antipsychotics vs placebo Response for agitation ‐ as defined by authors of RCTs ‐ 367 persons in 4 RCTs of 3 to 16 weeks Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Moderate
Summary of findings ‐ Typical antipsychotics vs placebo Psychosis ‐ presented in units of NPI‐NH P (higher is worse)f ‐ 240 persons in 2 RCTs of 6 to 10 weeks Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Low
Summary of findings ‐ Typical antipsychotics vs placebo Response for psychosis ‐ as defined by authors of RCTs ‐ 259 persons in 2 RCTs of 6 to 10 weeks Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Low
Summary of findings ‐ Typical antipsychotics vs placebo Extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	High
Summary of findings ‐ Typical antipsychotics vs placebo Somnolence ‐ Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Moderate
Summary of findings ‐ Typical antipsychotics vs placebo Death ‐ 578 persons in 6 RCTs of 3 to 16 weeks _________________________________________ Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Low
Summary of findings ‐ Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Agitation ‐ presented in units on CMAI (higher is worse)a ‐ 1971 persons in 9 RCTs of 3 to 12 weeks Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Moderate
Summary of findings ‐ Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Response for agitation ‐ as defined by authors of RCTs ‐ 1303 persons in 4 RCTs of 3 to 12 weeks Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	Moderate
Donepezil 5 mg vs placebo Cognitive function: ADAS‐Cog at 24 weeksScale from: 0 to 70 · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 1601 participants	High
Donepezil 10 mg vs placebo Serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 1.15 [0.81, 1.64]	2 studies · 813 participants	Moderate
Rivastigmine vs placebo Cognitive function: ADAS‐Cog at 24 to 26 weeksScale from: 0 to 70 · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 748 participants	Low
Rivastigmine vs placebo Functional performance and activities of daily living at 24 to 26 weeks: ADCS‐ADL and IADL scales · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 800 participants	Low
Rivastigmine vs placebo Adverse events (all adverse events) at 24 to 26 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 3.21 [0.36, 28.88]	3 studies · 831 participants	Very low
Rivastigmine vs placebo Serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 to 26 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 1.42 [0.9, 2.25]	2 studies · 622 participants	Low
Galantamine vs placebo Cognitive function: ADAS‐Cog at 26 weeks Scale from: 0 to 70 · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1188 participants	Moderate
Galantamine vs placebo Clinical global impression: CIBIC‐Plus (Improvement) at 26 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 1.32 [1.03, 1.7]	2 studies · 1326 participants	High
Galantamine vs placebo Functional performance and activities of daily living at 26 weeks ADCS‐ADL and DAD · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1174 participants	Low
Galantamine vs placebo Adverse events (all adverse events) at 26 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 1.57 [1.02, 2.43]	2 studies · 1378 participants	Moderate
Galantamine vs placebo Serious adverse events (excluding deaths) at 26 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 1.12 [0.78, 1.59]	1 study · 786 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 5 mg vs placebo Clinical global impression: CIBIC‐Plus (Improvement) at 24 weeks 7‐point Likert scale · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 1.58 [1.1, 2.27]	2 studies · 712 participants	High
Donepezil 5 mg vs placebo Functional performance and activities of daily living: ADFACS at 24 weeks 16‐item score ranging from 0 to 54 · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 798 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 5 mg vs placebo Adverse events (all reported adverse events grouped) at 24 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 1.22 [0.94, 1.58]	3 studies · 1772 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 5 mg vs placebo Serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 0.94 [0.72, 1.22]	3 studies · 1772 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg vs placebo Cognitive function: ADAS‐Cog at 24 weeksScale from: 0 to 70 · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 608 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg vs placebo Clinical global impression: CIBIC‐Plus (Improvement) at 24 weeks 7‐point Likert scale · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 1.15 [0.78, 1.7]	2 studies · 699 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg vs placebo Functional performance and activities of daily living: ADFACS at 24 weeks 16‐item score ranging from 0 to 54 · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 813 participants	Moderate
Donepezil 10 mg vs placebo Adverse events (all adverse events) at 24 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network… (2021) · Cochrane	OR 1.95 [1.2, 3.15]	2 studies · 813 participants	High
Intervention NR Outcomes No of participants (studies) Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Incidence of delirium during hospital admission validated diagnostic instruments1 3693 participants (14 studies) Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane	RR 0.57 [0.46, 0.71]	1 study · 14 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Inpatient mortality 2640 participants (10 studies) Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane	RR 1.17 [0.79, 1.74]	10 studies · 2640 participants	Low
Intervention NR New diagnosis of dementia (at any time point after randomisation) Not measured Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Duration of delirium (days) (any time during hospital admission) Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	6 studies · 351 participants	Low
Intervention NR Delirium severity (any time during hospital admission) validated diagnostic instruments6 147 participants (5 studies) Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	5 studies · 6 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Length of hospital admission (days) Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	10 studies · 3351 participants	Low
Intervention NR Discharge from hospital to new long‐term care placement 536 participants (1 study) Non‐pharmacological interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients (2021) · Cochrane	RR 0.77 [0.55, 1.07]	1 study · 536 participants	Low
PEG vs no enteral tube feeding Survival timea · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 36816 participants	Low
Nasogastric tubes vs no enteral tube feeding Pressure ulcers · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Nasogastric tubes vs no enteral tube feeding Pain and comfort · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Nasogastric tubes vs no enteral tube feeding Improvement of nutritional parameters (nutrition)d · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 67 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Survival timea · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 1696 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Mortalityd · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 234 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Quality of Life · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Pressure ulcersf · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 351 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Pain and comforth No · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 117 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Improvement of nutritional parameters (Nutrition)j · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 167 participants	Very low
PEG vs no enteral tube feeding Mortalityc · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 6445 participants	Very low
PEG vs no enteral tube feeding Quality of life · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
PEG vs no enteral tube feeding Pressure ulcerse · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 4421 participants	Moderate
PEG vs no enteral tube feeding Pain and comfort · people with severe dementia Enteral tube feeding for people with severe dementia (2021) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies