Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to any cause: post‐intervention · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.13 [0.73, 1.73] | 9 studies · 962 participants | Very low |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to any cause: 6‐12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.13 [0.69, 1.86] | 3 studies · 327 participants | Very low |
Psychological interventions vs treatment Incidence of depression ‐ short term: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.71 [0.36, 1.38] | 1 study · 190 participants | Very low |
Psychological interventions vs treatment Incidence of depression ‐ medium term: 6‐12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological interventions vs treatment Incidence of depression ‐ long term: > 12 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological interventions vs treatment Tolerability ‐ total number of adverse events · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological interventions vs treatment acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Psychological interventions vs treatment acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to any cause: post‐intervention · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 5.21 [1.11, 24.4] | 1 study · 206 participants | Low |
Psychological interventions vs treatment acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to any cause: < 6 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.67 [0.58, 4.77] | 1 study · 206 participants | Low |
Pharmacological interventions vs placebo Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older) Prevention of depression in adults with long‐term physical conditions (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.31 [0.2, 0.49] | 9 studies · 814 participants | Very low |
Ketamine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 11.61 [1.25, 107.74] | 2 studies · 33 participants | Low |
Ketamine vs midazolam Acceptability: total dropouts · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Memantine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 1 week · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.06, 19.05] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Memantine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 2 weeks · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 4.88 [0.78, 30.29] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Memantine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 4 weeks · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 5.33 [1.02, 27.76] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Memantine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 3 months · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.66 [0.69, 4.03] | 2 studies · 261 participants | Low |
Memantine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who achieve remission ‐ at 1 week · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.06, 19.05] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Memantine vs placebo Depression rating scale score ‐ at 3 months · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 157 participants | Low |
Memantine vs placebo Acceptability: total dropouts · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.45, 1.31] | 2 studies · 261 participants | Low |
Memantine vs placebo Acceptability: dropouts due to adverse effects · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.34 [0.01, 8.34] | 1 study · 232 participants | Low |
Cytidine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 3 months · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.13 [0.3, 4.24] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Ketamine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who achieve remission ‐ at 1 week · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 3.35 [0.12, 93.83] | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Cytidine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who achieve remission · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cytidine vs placebo Depression rating scale score · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cytidine vs placebo Acceptability: total dropouts · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.12, 7.52] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Cytidine vs placebo Acceptability: dropouts due to adverse effects · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
N‐acetylcysteine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 3 months · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.82 [0.32, 2.14] | 2 studies · 69 participants | Low |
N‐acetylcysteine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who achieve remission ‐ not reported · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
N‐acetylcysteine vs placebo Depression rating scale score ‐ at 3 months · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 58 participants | Low |
N‐acetylcysteine vs placebo Acceptability: total dropouts ‐ not reported · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
N‐acetylcysteine vs placebo Acceptability: dropouts due to adverse effects ‐ not reported · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Riluzole vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ not reported · Adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ketamine vs placebo Depression rating scale score ‐ at 1 week · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 28 participants | Very low |
Riluzole vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who achieve remission ‐ not reported · Adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Riluzole vs placebo Depression rating scale scores ‐ not reported · Adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Riluzole vs placebo Acceptability: total dropouts · Adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2 [0.31, 12.84] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Riluzole vs placebo Acceptability: dropouts due to adverse effects ‐ not reported · Adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ketamine vs placebo Acceptability: total dropouts · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 3.48 [0.56, 21.74] | 2 studies · 33 participants | Very low |
Ketamine vs placebo Acceptability: dropouts due to adverse effects · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ketamine vs midazolam Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 3.2 [0.23, 45.19] | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Ketamine vs midazolam Efficacy: number of participants who achieve remission ‐ at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.07, 25.91] | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Ketamine vs midazolam Depression rating scale score ‐ at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Ketamine vs midazolam Acceptability: dropouts due to adverse effects at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with depression in bipolar disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with bipolar disorder (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Ketamine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 24 hours (Response) · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 3.94 [1.54, 10.1] | NR | Very low |
Ketamine vs midazolam Acceptability: dropouts due to adverse effects ‐ not reported · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Esketamine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who respond to treatment ‐ at 24 hours (Response) · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.11 [1.2, 3.68] | NR | Low |
Esketamine vs placebo Efficacy: number of participants who achieve remission ‐ at 24 hours (Remission) · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 2.74 [1.71, 4.4] | NR | Moderate |
Esketamine vs placebo Depression rating scale score ‐ at 24 hours · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Esketamine vs placebo Acceptability: total dropouts№ of participants: 773(5 RCTs) · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | OR 1.58 [0.92, 2.73] | NR | Moderate |
Esketamine vs placebo Acceptability: dropouts due to adverse effects ‐ not reported · adults (aged 18 years+) with unipolar major depressive disorder Ketamine and other glutamate receptor modulators for depression in adults with unipolar major depressive… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |