Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
487 questions in 49 reviews · Breast Cancer
current versionsNo studies 44 · 9%Ungraded 14 · 2.9%Very low 108 · 22.2%Low 128 · 26.3%Moderate 107 · 22%High 86 · 17.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Anaemia grade 3 or 4 (safety population) · women with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (mTNBC) Platinum‐containing regimens for triple‐negative metastatic breast cancer (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3.8 | 5 studies · 843 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Hair loss (safety population) · women with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (mTNBC) Platinum‐containing regimens for triple‐negative metastatic breast cancer (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 | 2 studies · 602 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Leukopaenia (safety population) · women with metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (mTNBC) Platinum‐containing regimens for triple‐negative metastatic breast cancer (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 | 5 studies · 843 participants | Moderate |
Taxane‐containing chemotherapy vs any chemotherapy without taxane Overall survival · women with early breast cancer (operable, stages I to IIIA) Taxanes for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.87 [0.83, 0.92] | 27 studies · 39180 participants | High |
Taxane‐containing chemotherapy vs any chemotherapy without taxane Disease‐free progression · women with early breast cancer (operable, stages I to IIIA) Taxanes for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.88 [0.85, 0.92] | 29 studies · 41909 participants | High |
Taxane‐containing chemotherapy vs any chemotherapy without taxane Quality of life · women with early breast cancer (operable, stages I to IIIA) Taxanes for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 7 participants | Low |
Taxane‐containing chemotherapy vs any chemotherapy without taxane Febrile neutropenia · women with early breast cancer (operable, stages I to IIIA) Taxanes for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.43 [0.89, 2.31] | 23 studies · 34154 participants | Moderate |
Taxane‐containing chemotherapy vs any chemotherapy without taxane Neuropathy (including grade 3/4 sensory or motor neuropathy, or both) · women with early breast cancer (operable, stages I to IIIA) Taxanes for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | OR 6.89 [3.23, 14.71] | 22 studies · 31033 participants | Moderate |
Taxane‐containing chemotherapy vs any chemotherapy without taxane Cardiotoxicity (including grade 3/4 and congestive cardiac failure) · women with early breast cancer (operable, stages I to IIIA) Taxanes for adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.87 [0.56, 1.33] | 23 studies · 32894 participants | Moderate |
Lymphaticovenular anastomosis vs standard care Development of LE · prevention of lymphoedema development Surgical interventions for the prevention or treatment of lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.06, 0.63] | 2 studies · 95 participants | Low |
Vascularised lymph node transfer vs standard care Reduction of LE (%) · treatment of arm lymphoedema Surgical interventions for the prevention or treatment of lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment (2019) · Cochrane | MD 39 | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Vascularised lymph node transfer vs standard care Number of infections per year · treatment of arm lymphoedema Surgical interventions for the prevention or treatment of lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment (2019) · Cochrane | MD 1.22 | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Vascularised lymph node transfer vs standard care Pain score (1‐10; where 1 = no pain; 10 = extreme pain) · treatment of arm lymphoedema Surgical interventions for the prevention or treatment of lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment (2019) · Cochrane | MD 4.16 | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Vascularised lymph node transfer vs standard care Heaviness score (1‐10; where 1 = no heaviness; 10 = extreme heaviness) · treatment of arm lymphoedema Surgical interventions for the prevention or treatment of lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment (2019) · Cochrane | MD 4.27 | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Vascularised lymph node transfer vs standard care Function score (1‐10; where 1 = good function; 10 = poor function) · treatment of arm lymphoedema Surgical interventions for the prevention or treatment of lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment (2019) · Cochrane | MD 3.77 | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
MBSR vs usual care Quality of life · women diagnosed with breast cancer Mindfulness‐based stress reduction for women diagnosed with breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 428 participants | Low |
MBSR vs usual care Overall survival · women diagnosed with breast cancer Mindfulness‐based stress reduction for women diagnosed with breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
MBSR vs usual care Fatigue · women diagnosed with breast cancer Mindfulness‐based stress reduction for women diagnosed with breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 607 participants | Moderate |
MBSR vs usual care Anxiety · women diagnosed with breast cancer Mindfulness‐based stress reduction for women diagnosed with breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1094 participants | Moderate |
MBSR vs usual care Depression · women diagnosed with breast cancer Mindfulness‐based stress reduction for women diagnosed with breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1097 participants | Moderate |
MBSR vs usual care Quality of sleep · women diagnosed with breast cancer Mindfulness‐based stress reduction for women diagnosed with breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 654 participants | Moderate |
MBSR vs usual care Adverse events · women diagnosed with breast cancer Mindfulness‐based stress reduction for women diagnosed with breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tamoxifen vs placebo Overall breast cancer incidence · women with above‐average risk of developing breast cancer Risk‐reducing medications for primary breast cancer: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.62, 0.76] | 3 studies · 22832 participants | Moderate |
Tamoxifen vs placebo Severe toxicity · women with above‐average risk of developing breast cancer Risk‐reducing medications for primary breast cancer: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.28 [1.12, 1.47] | 2 studies · 20361 participants | Moderate |
Aromatase inhibitors vs placebo Overall breast cancer incidence · women with above‐average risk of developing breast cancer Risk‐reducing medications for primary breast cancer: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.35, 0.63] | 2 studies · 8424 participants | High |
Aromatase inhibitors vs placebo Severe toxicity · women with above‐average risk of developing breast cancer Risk‐reducing medications for primary breast cancer: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [1.09, 1.28] | 2 studies · 8352 participants | High |
Aromatase inhibitors vs tamoxifen (indirect comparison)a Overall breast cancer incidence · women with above‐average risk of developing breast cancer Risk‐reducing medications for primary breast cancer: a network meta‐analysis (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.46, 0.98] | 5 studies · 31256 participants | Low |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Overall survival ( · neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.8 [0.6, 1.08] | 2 studies · 947 participants | Moderate |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Adverse events: neutropenia (grade 3/4) ( · adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.4, 0.97] | 4 studies · 279 participants | High |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Adverse events: neurotoxicity (grade 3/4) ( · adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.25, 2.46] | 3 studies · 162 participants | Low |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Treatment adherence (defined as dose delay) ( · adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.52, 1.12] | 3 studies · 238 participants | Moderate |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Quality of life ( · adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 20 participants | Moderate |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Disease‐free survival ( · neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.84 [0.65, 1.09] | 1 study · 828 participants | Moderate |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Pathological complete response (no invasive cancer in breast or axilla) ( · neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.96, 1.38] | 4 studies · 1280 participants | High |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Adverse events: neutropenia (grade 3/4) ( · neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.86, 1.82] | 1 study · 280 participants | Moderate |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Adverse events: neurotoxicity (grade 3/4) ( · neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.55, 1.65] | 2 studies · 1108 participants | Low |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Treatment adherence (defined as dose reduction) ( · neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.59, 1.11] | 1 study · 280 participants | Moderate |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Quality of life · neoadjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Overall survival · adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Taxane followed by anthracyclines vs anthracyclines followed by taxane Disease‐free survival · adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer Sequencing of anthracyclines and taxanes in neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breast surgery plus systemic treatment vs systemic treatment Overall survival at 2 years · metastatic breast cancer Breast surgery for metastatic breast cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.83 [0.53, 1.31] | 2 studies · 624 participants | Very low |
Breast surgery plus systemic treatment vs systemic treatment Quality of life · metastatic breast cancer Breast surgery for metastatic breast cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breast surgery plus systemic treatment vs systemic treatment Local PFS at 2 years · metastatic breast cancer Breast surgery for metastatic breast cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.22 [0.08, 0.57] | 2 studies · 607 participants | Low |
Breast surgery plus systemic treatment vs systemic treatment Distant PFS at 2 years · metastatic breast cancer Breast surgery for metastatic breast cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.42 [1.08, 1.86] | 1 study · 350 participants | Moderate |
Breast surgery plus systemic treatment vs systemic treatment Breast cancer‐specific survival · metastatic breast cancer Breast surgery for metastatic breast cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breast surgery plus systemic treatment vs systemic treatment Toxicity from local therapy · metastatic breast cancer Breast surgery for metastatic breast cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.14, 6.9] | 1 study · 274 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs control HRQoL at end of intervention · women with breast cancer after adjuvant therapy Physical activity for women with breast cancer after adjuvant therapy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 22 studies · 1996 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs control Perceived physical function change from baseline to end of intervention · women with breast cancer after adjuvant therapy Physical activity for women with breast cancer after adjuvant therapy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 1433 participants | Moderate |
Physical activity vs control Anxiety change from baseline to end of intervention · women with breast cancer after adjuvant therapy Physical activity for women with breast cancer after adjuvant therapy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 235 participants | Low |
Physical activity vs control Depression change from baseline to end of intervention · women with breast cancer after adjuvant therapy Physical activity for women with breast cancer after adjuvant therapy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 816 participants | Very low |