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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
775 questions in 58 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma
current versionsNo studies 166 · 21.4%Ungraded 24 · 3.1%Very low 356 · 45.9%Low 162 · 20.9%Moderate 47 · 6.1%High 20 · 2.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed) Return to work by 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Deep surgical site infection at 30 days or 90 days, or time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Delayed or non‐union at time points reported by study authors · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Unplanned operations at 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse events: superficial infection · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.49, 2.87] | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Return to work by 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures; study in the review included only Gustilo II open tibia fractures Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed) Limb function at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Timing of wound closure (immediate vs delayed) HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · adults with open long bone fractures of the upper and lower limbs Timing of antibiotic administration, wound debridement, and the stages of reconstructive surgery for open… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Open reduction vs closed reduction position Functional outcome · children with displaced supracondylar elbow fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation Cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus · children with displaced fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.04, 1.09] | NR | Very low |
Open reduction vs closed reduction position Treatment failure requiring re‐intervention · children with displaced supracondylar elbow fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Open reduction vs closed reduction position Nerve injury · children with displaced supracondylar elbow fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.09, 1.01] | NR | Low |
Open reduction vs closed reduction position Major complications · children with displaced supracondylar elbow fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.15 [1.07, 16.2] | NR | Low |
Open reduction vs closed reduction position Cosmetic deformity Measured as the presence of cubitus varus · children with displaced supracondylar elbow fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation Functional outcome · children with displaced fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation Treatment failure requiring re‐intervention · children with displaced fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.87] | NR | Very low |
Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation Nerve injury · children with displaced fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.5 [0.5, 12.46] | NR | Very low |
Surgical fixation vs non‐surgical immobilisation Major complications Pin site infections. · children with displaced fractures Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4 [0.47, 34.11] | NR | Very low |
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care 'Poor outcome' (dead or deterioration in residential status, generally requiring institutional care) · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.8, 0.98] | 13 studies · 3036 participants | Moderate |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: mainly 'Poor outcome' (dead or moved to higher level of care or unable to walk) · older people, mainly living in the community, undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.62, 1.35] | 3 studies · 377 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: mainly Quality of life: SF‐36 Physical Component score (0: worst to 100: best) · older people, mainly living in the community, undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: mainly Mortality (at 4 months) · older people, mainly living in the community, undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.34, 1.76] | 2 studies · 275 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: mainly Mortality (end of scheduled · older people, mainly living in the community, undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.61, 1.63] | 3 studies · 377 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: mainly Independent in personal activities of daily living · older people, mainly living in the community, undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.71, 1.57] | 1 study · 159 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: mainly Permanent move to higher level of care (hostel, nursing home, sheltered housing) · older people, mainly living in the community, undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.35 [0.07, 1.69] | 2 studies · 168 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: mainly Unable to walk · older people, mainly living in the community, undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.38, 2.04] | 2 studies · 214 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: mainly Pain (end of · older people, mainly living in the community, undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living 'Poor outcome' (dead or unable to walk) · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.87, 1.24] | 1 study · 240 participants | Low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living Quality of life: EQ‐5D (0: dead to 1: best quality)c · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 235 participants | Very low |
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care Quality of life: EQ‐5D (0: dead to 1: best quality)c · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 347 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living Mortality (at 4 months) · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.7, 1.56] | 1 study · 240 participants | Low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living Mortality (end of scheduled · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.86, 1.49] | 1 study · 240 participants | Low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living Functional dependency: modified Barthel Index (0 to 100: total independence in personal care) · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 202 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living Functional dependency: modified Barthel Index (0 to 100: total independence in personal care) · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 125 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living Unable to walk · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.38, 2.04] | 1 study · 130 participants | Very low |
Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs usual care: people living Pain: PAINAD (0 to 10; severest pain) · older people from nursing homes undergoing rehabilitation after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 126 participants | Very low |
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care Mortality (at discharge) · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.58, 1.04] | 11 studies · 2455 participants | Low |
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care Mortality (end of scheduled · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.8, 1.05] | 18 studies · 3973 participants | Low |
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care Greater dependence in personal activities of daily livingg · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.76, 0.99] | 4 studies · 754 participants | Very low |
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care Greater dependence in personal activities of daily livingg · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.51, 0.81] | 2 studies · 238 participants | Very low |
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care Greater dependency in mobility (e.g. requiring help by another person) · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.71, 0.98] | 5 studies · 1085 participants | Low |
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care Hip‐related pain · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation vs usual care Delirium in hospitalj · older people undergoing rehabilitation soon after surgically treated hip fracture Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.74, 0.98] | 4 studies · 980 participants | Low |
Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery Patient‐rated knee function score assessed using the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (0–100; 100 = best function). · adults with fractures of the patella Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 52 participants | Very low |
Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery Anterior knee pain measured using VAS: 0 to 10 cm (10 cm = worst score) · adults with fractures of the patella Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 183 participants | Very low |
Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery Major adverse outcome: total events · adults with fractures of the patella Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.26 [0.14, 0.46] | 3 studies · 145 participants | Very low |
Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery Observer‐rated measures of knee function Knee function scores (see comment) · adults with fractures of the patella Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults (2021) · Cochrane | SMD 1.01 [0.08, 1.95] | 3 studies · 124 participants | Very low |
Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery Health‐related quality of life · adults with fractures of the patella Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery Return to previous activity · adults with fractures of the patella Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |