Underweight · pregnant and lactating women, infants, and children
1 finding from 1 review
Anaemia · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… may leads to lower anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below the WHO cut‐off, adjusted for… compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… may leads to lower iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker… compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Haemoglobin (g/dL) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Vitamin A deficiency · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… showed no clear difference in vitamin A deficiency (as defined by the study authors) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Plasma folate concentrations (nmol/L) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse effects (hookworm infection risk) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
Rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… may leads to higher any adverse effects (hookworm infection risk) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Diarrhoea · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
It is very uncertain whether rice fortified with iron alone or in combination with other… changes diarrhoea (as defined by study authors) compared with unfortified rice (no micronutrients added) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Haemoglobin (g/dL) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Serum/plasma retinol (μmol/L) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Anaemia · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes anaemia (defined as haemoglobin (Hb) below WHO cut‐off, adjusted for… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes iron deficiency (as defined by trialists, based on a biomarker of… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Haemoglobin (g/dL) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
1 finding from 1 review
Ferritin (µg/L) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse effects (including constipation, nausea, vomiting, heartburn or diarrhoea, as measured by trialists) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serum or plasma zinc (in µmol/L) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Stunting · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
Foods fortified with zinc alone showed no clear difference in stunting (author defined) compared with same foods without adding zinc (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Underweight · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
Foods fortified with zinc alone showed no clear difference in underweight (author defined) compared with same foods without adding zinc (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Zinc deficiency (as defined by authors, depending on age and gender) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
It is very uncertain whether foods fortified with zinc plus other micronutrients changes zinc deficiency (as defined by authors, depending on age and gender) compared with foods fortified with other micronutrients without zinc (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serum or plasma zinc (in µmol/L) · general population of all age groups (including pregnant women) from any country, over two years of age
1 finding from 1 review