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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,289 questions · 2,331 findings · 195 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 480 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 288 · 12.4%Very low 467 · 20%Low 630 · 27%Moderate 338 · 14.5%High 128 · 5.5%

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution vs control (no preparation or saline preparation)

Postoperative fever · pregnant women undergoing caesarean section

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution probably leads to lower postoperative fever compared with control (no preparation or saline preparation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution vs control (no preparation or saline preparation)

Wound infection · pregnant women undergoing caesarean section

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution probably leads to lower postoperative wound infection compared with control (no preparation or saline preparation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution vs control (no preparation or saline preparation)

Composite wound complication or endometritis · pregnant women undergoing caesarean section

Vaginal preparation with antiseptic solution may leads to lower composite wound complication or endometritis compared with control (no preparation or saline preparation) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care vs usual prenatal care

Pain intensity measured by a number of different measurements; lower score = better. · pregnant women with back pain

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care showed no clear difference in pain intensity measured by a number of different measurements; lower… compared with usual prenatal care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care vs usual prenatal care

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · pregnant women with back pain

Low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care showed no clear difference in disability measured by Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and… compared with usual prenatal care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic + low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care vs usual prenatal care

Number of women who reported pain on Visual Analogue Scale · pregnant women with, or at risk of developing, pelvic and back pain

Pelvic + low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care probably leads to lower number of women who reported pain on Visual Analogue Scale. compared with usual prenatal care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pelvic + low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care vs usual prenatal care

Number of women who reported LBPP‐related sick leave. · pregnant women with, or at risk of developing, pelvic and back pain

Pelvic + low‐back pain: any exercises + usual prenatal care probably leads to lower number of women who reported LBPP‐related sick leave. compared with usual prenatal care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes… showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including pre‐eclampsia,… compared with less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bakri balloon tamponade+traction stitch vs Bakri balloon (one intrauterine tamponade compared to another intrauterine tamponade technique)

Blood loss > 1000 mL · women with primary atonic postpartum haemorrhage

Bakri balloon tamponade+traction stitch showed no clear difference in total blood loss >= 1000 mL (before and after randomisation, outcome… compared with bakri balloon (one intrauterine tamponade compared to another… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fetal biometry vs maternal glycaemic values

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy · women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their babies

It is very uncertain whether fetal biometry changes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including pre‐eclampsia,… compared with maternal glycaemic values (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lifestyle interventions vs control ‐ Maternal outcomes

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Lifestyle interventions showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre‐eclampsia) compared with control ‐ Maternal outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lifestyle interventions vs control ‐ Maternal outcomes

Postnatal weight retention or return to pre‐pregnancy weight · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Lifestyle interventions may leads to higher postnatal weight retention or return to pre‐pregnancy weight compared with control ‐ Maternal outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High feedback vs low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound

Maternal anxiety · Pregnant women undergoing routine ultrasound during pregnancy

High feedback showed no clear difference in maternal anxiety ‐ throughout pregnancy compared with low feedback of routine prenatal ultrasound (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review