Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

493 questions · 509 findings · 56 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 149 · 29.3%GRADE not reported 9 · 1.8%Very low 128 · 25.1%Low 123 · 24.2%Moderate 79 · 15.5%High 21 · 4.1%

Portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

Mortality due to rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether portosystemic shunts changes mortality due to rebleeding compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

Acute hepatic encephalopathy · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether portosystemic shunts changes acute hepatic encephalopathy compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Portosystemic shunts vs endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment

Chronic hepatic encephalopathy · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding

It is very uncertain whether portosystemic shunts changes chronic hepatic encephalopathy compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

In‐hospital death from any cause occurring within 4 weeks of randomization or the beginning of treatment · individuals with infant botulism
1 finding from 1 review

Shock wave lithotripsy vs ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy

Serious adverse events or complications of treatment

It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Serious adverse events or complications of treatments

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatments compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs placebo

Response to treatment at 5 to 6 months ‐ overall response · women with usual‐type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

Summary of findings for imiquimod leads to higher response to treatment at 5 to 6 months ‐ overall response compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs placebo

Complete response · women with usual‐type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

Summary of findings for imiquimod leads to higher response to treatment at 5 to 6 months ‐ complete response compared with placebo (high certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Imiquimod vs placebo

Response to treatment at 12 months ‐ overall response · women with usual‐type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

Summary of findings for imiquimod probably leads to higher response to treatment at 12 months ‐ overall response compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs cidofovir

Response to treatment at 6 months ‐ overall response · women with usual‐type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

Summary of findings for imiquimod showed no clear difference in response to treatment at 6 months ‐ overall response compared with cidofovir (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review