Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,539 questions · 2,602 findings · 424 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 572 · 22%GRADE not reported 189 · 7.3%Very low 527 · 20.3%Low 685 · 26.3%Moderate 514 · 19.8%High 115 · 4.4%

RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: 1. any reason, long term (>12 months) compared with QUETIAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SHORT vs LONG HOSPITAL STAY

No clinically important changes in specific symptoms ‐ positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (long term) Mental state: Not improved ‐ by 2 years ‐ as measured by PEF scale PEF scale · patients with people with severe mental illnesses

It is very uncertain whether SHORT changes no clinically important changes in specific symptoms ‐ positive and… compared with LONG HOSPITAL STAY (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

Quality of life SGRQ responder analysis at 6 months · addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or LABA alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium probably leads to higher quality of life SGRQ responder analysis at 6 months compared with tiotropium alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

Hospital admissions · addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or LABA alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium showed no clear difference in hospital admission (all cause) compared with tiotropium alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium vs tiotropium

Hospital admission (exacerbation) · addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or LABA alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonist plus tiotropium showed no clear difference in hospital admission (exacerbation) compared with tiotropium alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review