What do systematic reviews say?

4% articaine plain vs 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine plain changes speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.03 [-0.66, 0.71]
  2 studies · 102 participants
  Very low

3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF: Not measured.
  0 studies
  No studies found

4% prilocaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

4% prilocaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine showed no clear difference in success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.14 [0.91, 1.43]
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin probably leads to lower success of local anaesthesia, absence of pain (clinical testing of… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Not reported (estimated < 2 hours)
  RR 0.86 [0.79, 0.95]
  2 studies · 907 participants
  Moderate

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes success of local anaesthesia, absence of pain (clinical testing of… compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5 minutes post-injection to end of clinical procedure
  RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.02]
  3 studies · 930 participants
  Very low

2% mepivacaine, 1:20,000 levonordefrin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data available for meta-analysis; orphan clinical success data summarized in Table 6 (e.g. clinical anaesthesia success 2% lidocaine 1:100,000 64/110 vs 2% mepivacaine 1:20,000 levonordefrin 99/113). Not…
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine may leads to higher duration of anaesthesia (soft tissue, simulated) compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 56.88 [44.08, 69.69]
  2 studies · 422 participants
  Low

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes duration of anaesthesia (soft tissue, simulated) compared with 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -172.61 [-239.69, -105.53]
  2 studies · 39 participants
  Very low

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

It is very uncertain whether 4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine changes speed of onset of anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD 0.15 [-0.42, 0.73]
  5 studies · 162 participants
  Very low

4% prilocaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% prilocaine plain

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data available for meta-analysis; data summarized in Table 5 (orphan). Not pooled/graded.
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Entropy vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

• Spectral entropy monitoring for adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 12 participants
  GRADE not reported

Propofol vs sevoflurane

• Intravenous versus inhalational techniques for rapid emergence from anaesthesia in patients undergoing brain tumour… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 384 participants
  Low

Infraclavicular block vs all other brachial plexus blocks

infraclavicular block showed no clear difference in adequate surgical anaesthesia ‐ At 30 minutes post‐block assessment… compared with all other brachial plexus blocks (high certainty).

• Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.51, 1.52]
  14 studies · 1051 participants
  High

Infraclavicular block vs all other brachial plexus blocks

infraclavicular block showed no clear difference in supplementation required to achieve adequate surgical anaesthesia compared with all other brachial plexus blocks (high certainty).

• Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.62, 1.46]
  17 studies · 1412 participants
  High

Infraclavicular block vs all other brachial plexus blocks

• Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 726 participants
  Moderate

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

Neuraxial showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction－Spinal anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

• Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.89 [0.5, 7.21]
  2 studies · 306 participants
  Low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

Neuraxial showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction－Epidural anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

• Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.98 [0.37, 2.58]
  3 studies · 390 participants
  Low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

Neuraxial showed no clear difference in amputation rate－Spinal anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

• Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.04 [0.35, 3.06]
  2 studies · 235 participants
  Low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

Neuraxial showed no clear difference in amputation rate－Epidural anaesthesia compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

• Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.66 [0.21, 2.07]
  2 studies · 230 participants
  Low

Epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia

Epidural anaesthesia in addition to general anaesthesia showed no clear difference in death from all causes Range of compared with general anaesthesia alone (low certainty).

• Anaesthetic techniques for risk of malignant tumour recurrence 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.03 [0.86, 1.24]
  3 studies · 647 participants
  Low