Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,615 questions · 1,673 findings · 190 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 278 · 16.6%GRADE not reported 85 · 5.1%Very low 328 · 19.6%Low 460 · 27.5%Moderate 402 · 24%High 120 · 7.2%

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 7881(5 RCTs)

The intervention may leads to higher ACQ responders at 6 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 7881(5… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [1.02, 1.15]
5 studies · 6 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 6204(4 RCTs)

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes ACQ responders at 12 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants:… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.99, 1.17]
4 studies · 12 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

All cause SAEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in all cause SAEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.87, 1.21]
6 studies · 8192 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Severe exacerbations ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 2540(2 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 2540(2 RCTs) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.51, 1.4]
2 studies · 2540 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Asthma‐related SAEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in asthma‐related SAEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.76, 1.42]
6 studies · 8192 participants
High

Intervention not reported

All cause AEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs)

The intervention leads to lower all cause AEs ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8192(6 RCTs) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.9, 0.96]
6 studies · 8192 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Dropouts due to adverse event ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8223(5 RCTs)

The intervention showed no clear difference in dropouts due to adverse event ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants:… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.59 [0.33, 1.03]
5 studies · 8223 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Moderate to severe exacerbations ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 8173(5 RCTs)

The intervention leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants:… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.78, 0.92]
5 studies · 8173 participants
High

Intervention not reported

CFB in ACQ at 3 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 1535(1 RCT)

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

CFB in ACQ at 6 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 5408(4 RCTs)

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 6 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

CFB in ACQ at 12 months ‐ DUAL vs TRIPLE№ of participants: 4253(4 RCTs)

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 12 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

CFB in AQLQ at 6 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 907(2 RCTs)

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 6 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

CFB in AQLQ at 12 months ‐ TRIPLE vs DUAL№ of participants: 3623(3 RCTs)

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 12 participants
Moderate

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs conventional therapy

Residual kidney function (24 months) · patients receiving PD

4 findings from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preserving residual kidney function in… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Moderate
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preserving residual kidney function in… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Moderate
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preserving residual kidney function in… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 110 participants
Moderate

Show 1 more finding

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preserving residual kidney function in… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 66 participants
Moderate

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs conventional therapy

Decline in residual kidney function (12 months) · patients receiving PD

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preserving residual kidney function in… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Moderate

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)

Residual kidney function (24 months) · patients receiving PD

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preserving residual kidney function in… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Low

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)

Residual kidney function (12 months) · patients receiving PD

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preserving residual kidney function in… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Moderate

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs conventional therapy

Residual kidney function (12 months) · patients receiving PD

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preserving residual kidney function in… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 44 participants
Moderate

Individual TF‐CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Severity of PTSD symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 13 participants
Low

Individual TF‐CBT vs EMDR

Severity of PTSD symptoms · Adults with co‐morbid PTSD and SMI

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people with severe mental illness 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Very low