Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

132 questions · 138 findings · 26 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 23 · 16.7%GRADE not reported 8 · 5.8%Very low 24 · 17.4%Low 46 · 33.3%Moderate 23 · 16.7%High 14 · 10.1%

Intervention not reported

Varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral intervention ‐ (repeated point prevalence abstinence (not even a puff/chew/session in the last 7 days) at each of weeks 5, 12, and 25 (combined), verified by CO cutoff < 10 ppm) · people who use waterpipe

The intervention showed no clear difference in varenicline plus behavioral intervention vs placebo plus behavioral… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b

PEG interferon (combined) · patients on HD with HCV infection

High showed no clear difference in PEG interferon (combined) compared with low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention

Ototoxicity according to NCI CTC v2 criteria with intra‐arterial platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) Exact test method not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy

Amifostine showed no clear difference in ototoxicity according to NCICTCv2 criteria with intra‐arterial… compared with no otoprotective intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention

Ototoxicity according to Brock criteria with intravenous platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy

Sodium thiosulfate probably leads to lower ototoxicity according to Brock criteria with intravenous platinum… compared with no otoprotective intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention

Ototoxicity according to NCI CTC v2 criteria with intravenous platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) Objective and subjective audiometric evaluations were performed, no further information provided · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy

Amifostine showed no clear difference in ototoxicity according to NCICTCv2 criteria with intravenous platinum… compared with no otoprotective intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention

Ototoxicity according to modified Brock criteria with intravenous platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) Audiograms were performed, but no further information provided · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy

Amifostine showed no clear difference in ototoxicity according to modified Brock criteria with intravenous… compared with no otoprotective intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) vs treatment

Combined spoken and non‐verbal communication/AAC · minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) changes combined spoken and non‐verbal communication/AAC Measured by: verbal… compared with treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation vs control (usual care/other rehabilitation)

Revascularisation (CABG and PCI combined) · patients with coronary heart disease

Psychological intervention with or without other rehabilitation showed no clear difference in revascularisation (CABG and PCI combined) compared with control (usual care/other rehabilitation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fractional laser vs combined chemical peeling plus needling

Participant‐reported scar improvement (long‐term) · people with acne scars

It is very uncertain whether fractional laser changes participant‐reported scar improvement (long‐term) N of participants… compared with combined chemical peeling plus needling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review