Intervention not reported
Proportion of participants who were treated according to antibiotic prescribing guidelines · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Addition of feedback to enablement · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Addition of enablement to restriction · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
29 participants
Low
Intervention not reported
Duration of all antibiotic treatment · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
15827 participants
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Mean length of hospital stay per participant · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
3834 participants
Moderate
Intervention not reported
Delay in treatment · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study · 2 participants
Low
Intervention not reported
Negative professional culture · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
Low
Intervention not reported
Effect modifier · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Enablement · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Restriction · adults or children undergoing inpatient antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions · adults receiving medication in primary care
Professional interventions showed no clear difference in number of hospital admissions compared with standard/usual care (moderate certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
RR 1.24 [0.79, 1.96]
3889 participants
Moderate
RR 0.99 [0.92, 1.06]
3661 participants
High
ED visits · adults receiving medication in primary care
Professional interventions showed no clear difference in number of emergency department visits compared with standard/usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.71 [0.5, 1.02]
1067 participants
Low
All‐cause mortality · adults receiving medication in primary care
Professional interventions showed no clear difference in mortality compared with standard/usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.17]
3538 participants
Moderate
Hospital admissions · adults receiving medication in primary care
It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes number of hospital admissions compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
RR 0.85 [0.71, 1.03]
6203 participants
Very low
RR 0.92 [0.86, 0.99]
152237 participants
Low
ED visits · adults receiving medication in primary care
It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes number of emergency department visits compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.75 [0.49, 1.15]
1819 participants
Very low
All‐cause mortality · adults receiving medication in primary care
It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes mortality compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.94 [0.85, 1.03]
154962 participants
Very low
Intervention not reported
Clinical outcomes: physical heath · adults with chronic conditions
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Clinical outcomes: mental health · adults with chronic conditions
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) · adults with chronic conditions
1 finding from 1 review