What do systematic reviews say?

Radiotherapy vs surgical excision

Radiotherapy probably leads to lower cosmetic outcome (good/excellent) compared with surgical excision (with or without frozen section margin control) (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.63, 0.91]
  1 study · 347 participants
  Moderate

MAL‐PDT vs surgical excision

MAL‐PDT probably leads to higher cosmetic outcome (excellent/good) compared with surgical excision (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [1.09, 1.27]
  2 studies · 309 participants
  Moderate

Imiquimod vs MAL‐PDT

Imiquimod cream showed no clear difference in cosmetic outcome (excellent/good) compared with MAL‐PDT (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.84, 1.16]
  1 study · 370 participants
  Moderate

Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  Low

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Imiquimod may leads to higher cosmetic outcome (good/excellent) compared with surgical excision (low certainty).

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.7 [1.35, 2.15]
  1 study · 344 participants
  Low

Corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Maternal outcomes: corticosteroids showed no clear difference in endometritis№ of participants: 6764(10 RCTs) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.82, 1.58]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Any antibiotics showed no clear difference in endometritis № of participants: 3813 (2 RCTs) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.32 [0.04, 2.64]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Moderate

Highest vs lowest green tea exposure

Highest may leads to lower endometrial cancer risk (5 studies) compared with lowest green tea exposure (low certainty).

• Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.65, 0.91]
  60416 participants
  Low

Pentoxifylline vs placebo

• Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1890 participants
  Low

Pentoxifylline vs placebo

• Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 2110 participants
  Low

Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy

• Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  42 studies · 1600 participants
  Low

Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy

• Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  24 studies · 983 participants
  Moderate

Radical prostatectomy vs active monitoring

Radical prostatectomy probably leads to lower incidence of metastatic diseaseMedian compared with active monitoring (moderate certainty).

• Radical prostatectomy versus deferred treatment for localised prostate cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.39 [0.21, 0.73]
  1 study · 1098 participants
  Moderate

Radical prostatectomy vs watchful waiting

Radical prostatectomy probably leads to lower time to metastatic diseaseMedian compared with watchful waiting (moderate certainty).

• Radical prostatectomy versus deferred treatment for localised prostate cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.56 [0.46, 0.7]
  2 studies · 1426 participants
  Moderate

Drape vs no drape

It is very uncertain whether drape changes metritis compared with no drape (very low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.62 [0.29, 9.16]
  1 study · 79 participants
  Very low

Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine

Chlorhexidine gluconate showed no clear difference in endometritis compared with povidone iodine (low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.49, 1.86]
  3 studies · 2484 participants
  Low

Educational intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 1745 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 355 participants
  GRADE not reported

Spectacle correction vs no spectacles

It is very uncertain whether spectacle correction changes proportion of children without refractive error in the… compared with no spectacles (very low certainty).

• Spectacle correction versus no spectacles for prevention of strabismus in hyperopic children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.18, 3.19]
  1 study · 106 participants
  Very low