What do systematic reviews say?

Single computerised session vs single session of case management

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 171 participants
  Low

Dialectic behaviour therapy with case management vs a health promotion scheme

It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes positive drug test using urine sample at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.43, 1.03]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Very low

Dialectic behaviour therapy with case management vs a health promotion scheme

It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using marijuana at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [0.95, 1.59]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Very low

Dialectic behaviour therapy with case management vs a health promotion scheme

It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using crack at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.87, 1.14]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Very low

Dialectic behaviour therapy with case management vs a health promotion scheme

It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using cocaine at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.93, 1.12]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Very low

Dialectic behaviour therapy with case management vs a health promotion scheme

It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using heroin at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.98, 1.13]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Very low

Dialectic behaviour therapy with case management vs a health promotion scheme

It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes number not using methamphetamine at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.87, 1.2]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Very low

Dialectic behaviour therapy with case management vs a health promotion scheme

It is very uncertain whether dialectic behaviour therapy with case management changes self‐report of no drug use at 6 months compared with a health promotion scheme (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.2 [0.92, 1.56]
  1 study · 116 participants
  Very low

Therapeutic community vs work release

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes incarcerated for drug offences at 18 months compared with work release (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.45 [0.87, 2.42]
  1 study · 112 participants
  Very low

Therapeutic community vs work release

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes marijuana use at 6 months compared with work release (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.19, 5.65]
  1 study · 51 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.07, 14.45]
  1 study · 28 participants
  Very low

Therapeutic community vs work release

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes heroin use at 6 months compared with work release (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.59 [0.49, 5.14]
  1 study · 68 participants
  Very low
• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.92 [0.24, 15.37]
  1 study · 37 participants
  Very low

Therapeutic community vs work release

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes crack use at 6 months compared with work release (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.07 [0.41, 10.41]
  1 study · 55 participants
  Very low

Therapeutic community vs work release

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes crack use at 18 months compared with work release (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.64 [0.19, 14.06]
  1 study · 34 participants
  Very low

Therapeutic community vs work release

Therapeutic community showed no clear difference in cocaine use at 6 months compared with work release (low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.79, 1.5]
  1 study · 211 participants
  Low

Therapeutic community vs work release

It is very uncertain whether therapeutic community changes cocaine use at 18 months compared with work release (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.64, 1.35]
  1 study · 139 participants
  Very low

Intensive discharge planning and case management vs prison only

Intensive discharge planning and case management showed no clear difference in marijuana use compared with prison only (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.53, 1.16]
  1 study · 511 participants
  Moderate

Intensive discharge planning and case management vs prison only

Intensive discharge planning and case management showed no clear difference in hard drug use compared with prison only (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.88, 1.43]
  1 study · 511 participants
  Moderate

Intensive discharge planning and case management vs prison only

Intensive discharge planning and case management showed no clear difference in positive hair test for crack cocaine compared with prison only (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.08 [0.75, 1.54]
  1 study · 511 participants
  Moderate

Intensive discharge planning and case management vs prison only

Intensive discharge planning and case management showed no clear difference in positive hair test for marijuana use compared with prison only (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.55, 1.03]
  1 study · 511 participants
  Moderate

Intensive discharge planning and case management vs prison only

Intensive discharge planning and case management probably leads to lower arrested compared with prison only (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.19 [0.04, 0.87]
  1 study · 511 participants
  Moderate