Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,801 questions · 4,079 findings · 473 reviews

No studies found 669 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 852 · 20.9%Very low 738 · 18.1%Low 903 · 22.1%Moderate 716 · 17.6%High 201 · 4.9%

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

Adverse events (moderate) · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics changes adverse events moderate adverse events experienced during and after… compared with IV antibiotics only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

Microbiology Emergence of resistant organisms · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics changes microbiology Emergence of resistant organisms compared with IV antibiotics only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics vs IV antibiotics

Quality of life: number of participants achieving MCID · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

Summary of findings: Inhaled antibiotics plus IV antibiotics showed no clear difference in quality of life: number of participants achieving MCID compared with IV antibiotics only (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outpatient vs inpatient treatment

Major bleeding · people with low‐risk acute pulmonary embolism

Outpatient showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with inpatient treatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Participants with no exacerbations in study period · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant probably leads to higher number of participants with no exacerbations during the study period compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Mortality (all‐cause) · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Respiratory‐related mortality · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in mortality (respiratory‐related) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Number of participants requiring antibiotics · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant probably leads to lower number of participants requiring antibiotics compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant vs placebo

Side effects or other adverse events · adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Summary of findings table ‐ immunostimulant showed no clear difference in adverse events/side effects compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review