Interruptions to cancer treatment · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in interruptions to cancer treatment compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
Analgesic (any: NSAID, paracetamol, local anaesthetic or opioid) probably leads to lower pain intensity (VAS 0-100 mm) compared with control (placebo or no treatment) (moderate certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
MD -11.66 [-16.15, -7.17]
10 studies · 685 participants
Moderate
MD -21.19 [-28.31, -14.06]
12 studies · 1012 participants
Moderate
MD -24.27 [-31.44, -17.11]
9 studies · 535 participants
Moderate
Salivary flow rate · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary flow rate (unstimulated) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Bethanechol led to higher salivary flow rate (unstimulated, ml/min) compared with artificial saliva; GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review
Progression‐free survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Palifermin showed no clear difference in progression-free survival compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
HR 1.06 [0.80, 1.42]
3 studies
GRADE not reported
Overall survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Bethanechol showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with artificial saliva; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
Epidermal growth factor (EGF), oral spray showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Dysphagia (grade >= 3, 0-4 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Amifostine showed no clear difference in dysphagia (grade >= 3, 0-4 scale) compared with no treatment/placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events attributed to GM-CSF typically bone pain, nausea, fever and headache; not reported as serious; reporting poor and inconsistent (SoF comments cell, not GRADE-rated)
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (any severity) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (any severity) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
4 findings from 1 review
RR 0.96 [0.88, 1.05]
4 studies · 655 participants
GRADE not reported
Two studies of KGF versus placebo in children were unclear in reporting; no usable data could be presented
2 studies
GRADE not reported
RR 0.95 [0.90, 1.00]
2 studies · 374 participants
GRADE not reported
Show 1 more finding
Oral mucositis (any severity) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (any severity) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
2 findings from 1 review
Salivary flow rate (stimulated) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Chinese medicine led to higher salivary flow rate (stimulated) compared with no treatment/placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-4 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Palifermin showed no clear difference in xerostomia (grade >= 2, 0-4 scale) compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time off school or work · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Drooling (hyposialosis) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region
Antiseptic mouthrinse showed no clear difference in drooling (hyposialosis) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Taste discrimination improvement · Patients with taste disturbances (dysgeusia/hypogeusia; idiopathic, zinc-deficient, or secondary to chronic renal failure)
1 finding from 1 review
Number of days in hospital · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in number of days in hospital compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
3 findings from 1 review
RR 0.74 [0.33, 1.67]
3 studies · 235 participants
Low
RR 0.59 [0.05, 7.11]
2 studies · 65 participants
Very low
RR 0.31 [0.01, 7.09]
1 study · 29 participants
Very low