What do systematic reviews say?

Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours plus adjunctive antiseptic (chlorhexidine) treatments (rinsing, pocket irrigation, tongue/tonsil brushing)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Tooth loss: None of the studies comparing FMS vs FMD reported tooth loss.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Tooth loss: None of the studies comparing FMS vs control reported tooth loss.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival instrumentation) of all quadrants within 24 hours, without antiseptic vs Quadrant scaling and root planing (control): SRP of each quadrant in separate sessions at least one week apart

• Full‐mouth treatment modalities (within 24 hours) for periodontitis in adults 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Pocket closure (sites with PPD <=4 mm after treatment): 9 studies reported; all showed increased closed pockets after treatment; 8 of 9 found no between-group difference; Koshy 2005 found a greater change in both…
  9 studies
  GRADE not reported

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions vs penicillin G

It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions changes incidence of ORN compared with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (penicillin G) following… (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  RR 0.18 [0.43, 0.76]
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions vs penicillin G

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  Adverse effects were an outcome of interest in the study conducting this comparison, however no mention was made of the presence or absence of any adverse events
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether endoscopic injection treatment changes repeat positive urine culture by 1 year compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 7.15 [0.42, 121.04]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

It is very uncertain whether endoscopic injection treatment changes microbial resistance to the prophylactic drug compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.34, 1.15]
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Probiotics showed no clear difference in all symptomatic UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.56, 1.21]
  2 studies · 248 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Probiotics showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.37, 1.83]
  1 study · 120 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Probiotics may leads to lower E. coli resistance to prophylactic drug compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.38 [0.21, 0.69]
  2 studies · 38 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

Probiotics showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scan ‐ Patient data at 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.43, 1.11]
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Low

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs antibiotic prophylaxis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy

Summary of findings: cycled probably leads to higher time to next isolation of PA compared with culture‐based antibiotic therapy (moderate certainty).

• Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 2.04 [1.28, 3.26]
  1 study · 253 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy

• Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 131 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy

• Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 253 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy

Summary of findings: cycled showed no clear difference in adverse events: severe adverse events (total) compared with culture‐based antibiotic therapy (moderate certainty).

• Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.65 [0.39, 1.11]
  1 study · 253 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: cycled vs culture‐based antibiotic therapy

Summary of findings: cycled showed no clear difference in emergence of novel bacteria: isolation of novel gram negative… compared with culture‐based antibiotic therapy (moderate certainty).

• Treatments for preventing recurrence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.67, 1.5]
  1 study · 253 participants
  Moderate