What do systematic reviews say?

Tubal surgery vs no surgery

Tubal surgery may leads to higher tubal occlusion (all methods) compared with no surgery (low certainty).

• Surgical treatment for tubal disease in women due to undergo in vitro fertilisation 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.21 [1.72, 5.99]
  2 studies · 209 participants
  Low

Radiotherapy vs surgical excision

Radiotherapy probably leads to lower cosmetic outcome (good/excellent) compared with surgical excision (with or without frozen section margin control) (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.63, 0.91]
  1 study · 347 participants
  Moderate

MAL‐PDT vs surgical excision

MAL‐PDT probably leads to higher cosmetic outcome (excellent/good) compared with surgical excision (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [1.09, 1.27]
  2 studies · 309 participants
  Moderate

Imiquimod vs MAL‐PDT

Imiquimod cream showed no clear difference in cosmetic outcome (excellent/good) compared with MAL‐PDT (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.84, 1.16]
  1 study · 370 participants
  Moderate

Mohs micrographic surgery vs surgical excision

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  Low

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Imiquimod may leads to higher cosmetic outcome (good/excellent) compared with surgical excision (low certainty).

• Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.7 [1.35, 2.15]
  1 study · 344 participants
  Low

Corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Maternal outcomes: corticosteroids showed no clear difference in endometritis№ of participants: 6764(10 RCTs) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.82, 1.58]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Any antibiotics showed no clear difference in endometritis № of participants: 3813 (2 RCTs) compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.32 [0.04, 2.64]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Moderate

Highest vs lowest green tea exposure

Highest may leads to lower endometrial cancer risk (5 studies) compared with lowest green tea exposure (low certainty).

• Green tea (Camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.65, 0.91]
  60416 participants
  Low

Pentoxifylline vs placebo

• Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1890 participants
  Low

Pentoxifylline vs placebo

• Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 2110 participants
  Low

Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy

• Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  42 studies · 1600 participants
  Low

Electromechanical‐ and robotic‐assisted gait training plus physiotherapy vs usual care or physiotherapy

• Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  24 studies · 983 participants
  Moderate

Radical prostatectomy vs active monitoring

Radical prostatectomy probably leads to lower incidence of metastatic diseaseMedian compared with active monitoring (moderate certainty).

• Radical prostatectomy versus deferred treatment for localised prostate cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.39 [0.21, 0.73]
  1 study · 1098 participants
  Moderate

Radical prostatectomy vs watchful waiting

Radical prostatectomy probably leads to lower time to metastatic diseaseMedian compared with watchful waiting (moderate certainty).

• Radical prostatectomy versus deferred treatment for localised prostate cancer 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.56 [0.46, 0.7]
  2 studies · 1426 participants
  Moderate

Drape vs no drape

It is very uncertain whether drape changes metritis compared with no drape (very low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.62 [0.29, 9.16]
  1 study · 79 participants
  Very low

Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine

Chlorhexidine gluconate showed no clear difference in endometritis compared with povidone iodine (low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.49, 1.86]
  3 studies · 2484 participants
  Low

Educational intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 1745 participants
  GRADE not reported

Educational intervention vs control

• Educational, supportive and behavioural interventions to improve usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 355 participants
  GRADE not reported