Intervention not reported
Explanation and planning (information giving) Different scales used by different studies, some dichotomous outcomes Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Specific communication techniques Different scales used by different studies, some dichotomous outcomes Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
The intervention may leads to lower specific communication techniques Different scales used by different… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Overall communication skills Different scales used by different studies: total scores vary across communication items or average score on a Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Empathy Different scales used by different studies: average empathy score across several items or average score on a 5‐ to 9‐point Likert scale Based on assessments occurring immediately and up to 12 months after intervention delivery · pre‐registration medical students
1 finding from 1 review
Time to first hospitalisation after starting intervention · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
It is very uncertain whether remote monitoring plus usual care changes time to first hospitalisation after starting intervention compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Impact of interventions for stuttering on emotional, cognitive and psychosocial domains, or quality of life · children aged six years and younger who stutter
1 finding from 1 review
Activity avoidance · older adults (mean age minus 1 standard deviation is more than 60 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Falls · older adults (mean age minus 1 standard deviation is more than 60 years)
It is very uncertain whether CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) changes occurrence of falls compared with control (standard care or sham treatments) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Depression · older adults (mean age minus 1 standard deviation is more than 60 years)
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · older adults (mean age minus 1 standard deviation is more than 60 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Medication errors ( · adults
It is very uncertain whether medication reconciliation: multimodal intervention changes medication error ( compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.92 [0.87, 0.97]
1648 participants
Very low
Potential ADEs · adults
It is very uncertain whether medication reconciliation: multimodal intervention changes potential ADEs ( compared with usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.97 [0.86, 1.09]
1648 participants
Very low
Discrepancy resolution ( · adults
Medication reconciliation: multimodal intervention probably leads to higher discrepancy resolution ( compared with usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caregiver burden · Informal caregivers of people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review
Leaving the study early · Informal caregivers of people with dementia
Complex information, support and training interventions probably leads to higher dropouts for any reason compared with information provision only (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Use of health and social resources ‐ not reported · Informal caregivers of people with dementia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Institutional care ‐ nursing home placement · Informal caregivers of people with dementia
It is very uncertain whether complex information, support and training interventions changes institutional care ‐ nursing home placement compared with information provision only (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caregiver mood · Informal caregivers of people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review
Caregiver health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) · Informal caregivers of people with dementia
1 finding from 1 review
Leaving the study early · Informal caregivers of people with dementia
Complex information, support and training interventions showed no clear difference in dropouts for any reason compared with usual treatment, waiting list or attention control informations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review