Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,539 questions · 2,602 findings · 424 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 572 · 22%GRADE not reported 189 · 7.3%Very low 527 · 20.3%Low 685 · 26.3%Moderate 514 · 19.8%High 115 · 4.4%

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs fusion

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

It is very uncertain whether SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION changes pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with FUSION (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION showed no clear difference in pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (RMDQ, ODI, JOA) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION may leads to higher disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs fusion

Disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (RMDQ, ODI, JOA) · patients with lumbar stenosis

It is very uncertain whether SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION changes disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0… compared with FUSION (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION showed no clear difference in pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0 to 100 scale to allow for comparison of different disability scales (RMDQ, ODI, JOA) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION showed no clear difference in disability Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Disability scores converted to 0… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Massage vs inactive control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with LBP
1 finding from 1 review

Massage vs active control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with LBP
1 finding from 1 review

PERPHENAZINE vs antipsychotics

Other adverse events: any serious adverse event ‐ short and long term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether PERPHENAZINE changes other adverse events: any serious adverse event ‐ short and long term compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTICS (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs WAIT LIST

Remission of anxiety diagnoses (ITT analysis) i.e. no longer meeting criteria for DSM or ICD anxiety diagnosis at the end of the trial. · children and adolescents with anxiety disorders

CBT probably leads to higher remission of anxiety diagnoses (ITT analysis) i.e. no longer meeting… compared with wait‐list (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review