Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,653 questions in 194 reviews · Gynaecology and Fertility
current versionsNo studies 531 · 20%Ungraded 76 · 2.9%Very low 826 · 31.1%Low 855 · 32.2%Moderate 341 · 12.9%High 24 · 0.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Black cohosh vs placebo Vasomotor symptoms: hot flush intensity · patients with menopausal symptoms Black cohosh (Cimicifuga spp.) for menopausal symptoms (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 214 participants | Moderate |
Black cohosh vs placebo Vasomotor symptoms: night sweats · patients with menopausal symptoms Black cohosh (Cimicifuga spp.) for menopausal symptoms (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 164 participants | Moderate |
Black cohosh vs placebo Menopausal Symptom Score · patients with menopausal symptoms Black cohosh (Cimicifuga spp.) for menopausal symptoms (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 357 participants | Moderate |
Black cohosh vs placebo Adverse events · patients with menopausal symptoms Black cohosh (Cimicifuga spp.) for menopausal symptoms (2012) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.82, 1.32] | 2 studies · 344 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Relief of bleedingPictorial bleeding charts · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | OR 17.84 [6.72, 47.38] | 2 studies · 77 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (50 mg/1 day after/3 months) vs placebo Leiomyoma volume(mL). Scale from: 0 to 100. · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (50 mg/1 day after/3 months) vs placebo Cystic glandular dilatationdichotomic · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | OR 16.67 [1.36, 204.03] | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (5 mg/day/6 months) vs placebo Relief of bleedingdichotomic · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | OR 2.22 [0.54, 9.13] | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (5 mg/day/6 months) vs placebo Leiomyoma volume(mL) · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (5 mg/day/6 months) vs placebo Uterine volume(mL) · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Reduction in average fibroid volumeScale from: 0 to 100 · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Reduction in uterine volumeScale from: 0 to 100 · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 72 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | OR 31.65 [4.83, 207.35] | 2 studies · 54 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (10 mg/day/3 months) vs placebo Leiomyoma volume (mL) · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (10 mg/day/3 months) vs placebo Uterine volume(mL) · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (10 mg/day/3 months) vs placebo Relief of bleedingdichotomic · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | OR 27.02 [7.25, 100.7] | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (10 mg/day/3 months) vs placebo Relief of pelvic paindichotomic · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | OR 2.1 [0.38, 11.71] | 1 study · 26 participants | Low |
Mifepristone (10 mg/day/3 months) vs placebo Relief of dysmenorrhoeadichotomic · patients with uterine fibroids Mifepristone for uterine fibroids (2012) · Cochrane | OR 10.93 [2.37, 50.51] | 1 study · 26 participants | Low |
Embryo culture with low oxygen concentration vs embryo culture with atmospheric oxygen concentration Live birth rate · Patients with live birth rate Low oxygen concentrations for embryo culture in assisted reproductive technologies (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.39 [1.11, 1.76] | 3 studies · 1291 participants | Moderate |
Embryo culture with low oxygen concentration vs embryo culture with atmospheric oxygen concentration Ongoing pregnancy rate · Patients with ongoing pregnancy Low oxygen concentrations for embryo culture in assisted reproductive technologies (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.4 [1.11, 1.77] | 3 studies · 1291 participants | Moderate |
Embryo culture with low oxygen concentration vs embryo culture with atmospheric oxygen concentration Clinical pregnancy rate · Patients with clinical pregnancy rate Low oxygen concentrations for embryo culture in assisted reproductive technologies (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.35 [1.08, 1.67] | 4 studies · 1382 participants | Moderate |
Embryo culture with low oxygen concentration vs embryo culture with atmospheric oxygen concentration Multiple‐pregnancy rate · Patients with multiple pregnancy rate Low oxygen concentrations for embryo culture in assisted reproductive technologies (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.91, 1.95] | 4 studies · 1382 participants | Low |
Embryo culture with low oxygen concentration vs embryo culture with atmospheric oxygen concentration Miscarriage rate · patients with miscarriage rate Low oxygen concentrations for embryo culture in assisted reproductive technologies (2012) · Cochrane | OR 1.28 [0.86, 1.9] | 3 studies · 1291 participants | Low |
Embryo culture with low oxygen concentration vs embryo culture with atmospheric oxygen concentration Congenital abnormalities · patients with congenital abnormalities Low oxygen concentrations for embryo culture in assisted reproductive technologies (2012) · Cochrane | OR 0.2 [0.01, 4.09] | 1 study · 647 participants | Very low |
rFSH vs urinary gonadotrophins: primary analyses Live birth (or ongoing pregnancy) by urinary gonadotrophin · patients with ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.87, 1.08] | 28 studies · 7339 participants | High |
rFSH vs urinary gonadotrophins: primary analyses Live birth (or ongoing pregnancy) by urinary gonadotrophin ‐ rFSH versus HMG/HMG‐HP · patients with ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles (2011) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.72, 0.99] | 11 studies · 3197 participants | High |
rFSH vs urinary gonadotrophins: primary analyses Live birth (or ongoing pregnancy) by urinary gonadotrophin ‐ rFSH versus FSH‐P · patients with ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles (2011) · Cochrane | OR 1.26 [0.96, 1.64] | 5 studies · 1430 participants | High |
rFSH vs urinary gonadotrophins: primary analyses Live birth (or ongoing pregnancy) by urinary gonadotrophin ‐ rFSH versus FSH‐HP · patients with ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles (2011) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.86, 1.22] | 13 studies · 2712 participants | High |
rFSH vs urinary gonadotrophins: primary analyses OHSS by urinary gonadotrophin · patients with ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles (2011) · Cochrane | OR 1.18 [0.86, 1.61] | 32 studies · 7740 participants | High |
Laparoscopic surgery vs diagnostic laparoscopy ongoing pregnancy at 20 weeks or live birth · patients with subfertility associated with endometriosis Laparoscopic surgery for subfertility associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.64 [1.05, 2.57] | 2 studies · 437 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic surgery vs diagnostic laparoscopy pregnancy · patients with subfertility associated with endometriosis Laparoscopic surgery for subfertility associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.66 [1.09, 2.51] | 2 studies · 437 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic surgery vs diagnostic laparoscopy fetal loss per couple randomised · patients with subfertility associated with endometriosis Laparoscopic surgery for subfertility associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.6, 2.94] | 2 studies · 437 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic surgery vs diagnostic laparoscopy operative complications · patients with subfertility associated with endometriosis Laparoscopic surgery for subfertility associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | OR 2.69 [0.38, 19.3] | 1 study · 341 participants | Low |
Soft catheters vs Firm catheters Live birth rate · women undergoing intrauterine insemination Soft versus firm catheters for intrauterine insemination (2010) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.65, 1.35] | 3 studies · 896 participants | Low |
Soft catheters vs Firm catheters Pregnancy rate · women undergoing intrauterine insemination Soft versus firm catheters for intrauterine insemination (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.73, 1.35] | 6 studies · 1210 participants | Very low |
Soft catheters vs Firm catheters Instrumental assistance needed · women undergoing intrauterine insemination Soft versus firm catheters for intrauterine insemination (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 986 participants | Ungraded |
Soft catheters vs Firm catheters Blood on catheter tip · women undergoing intrauterine insemination Soft versus firm catheters for intrauterine insemination (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 852 participants | Ungraded |
Soft catheters vs Firm catheters Uterine cramping · women undergoing intrauterine insemination Soft versus firm catheters for intrauterine insemination (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 290 participants | Ungraded |
Soft catheters vs Firm catheters Miscarriage per woman · women undergoing intrauterine insemination Soft versus firm catheters for intrauterine insemination (2010) · Cochrane | OR 1.25 [0.49, 3.22] | 2 studies · 645 participants | Very low |
GnRHas vs No treatment Relief of painful symptoms ‐ Dysmenorrhoea · women with pain associated with endometriosis Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 3.93 [1.37, 11.28] | 1 study · 35 participants | Low |
GnRHas vs Placebo Relief of painful symptoms ‐ pelvic tenderness · women with pain associated with endometriosis Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 4.17 [1.62, 10.68] | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
GnRHas vs Placebo Pain score ‐ Overall at 4 weeks · women with pain associated with endometriosis Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
GnRHas vs Danazol Relief of painful symptoms ‐ Dysmenorrhoea · women with pain due to endometriosis Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.04] | 7 studies · 666 participants | Very low |
GnRHas vs Danazol Overall resolution ‐ Overall resolution/improvement · women with pain due to endometriosis Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [1.01, 1.21] | 9 studies · 1046 participants | Low |
GnRHas vs intra‐ uterine progestogen device Relief of painful symptoms ‐ Overall · women with pain associated with endometriosis Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis (2010) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 129 participants | Moderate |
Excisional surgery vs Ablative surgery Subsequent spontaneous conception · patients with ovarian endometriomata Excisional surgery versus ablative surgery for ovarian endometriomata (2008) · Cochrane | OR 5.21 [2.04, 13.29] | 2 studies · 88 participants | Low |
Excisional surgery vs Ablative surgery Pregnancy rate after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation · patients with ovarian endometriomata Excisional surgery versus ablative surgery for ovarian endometriomata (2008) · Cochrane | OR 1.4 [0.47, 4.15] | 1 study · 65 participants | Very low |
Cryopreservation vs fresh embryos transfer Moderate and or severe OHSS · patients with risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Embryo freezing for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2007) · Cochrane | OR 0.12 [0.01, 2.29] | 1 study · 125 participants | Low |
Cryopreservation vs fresh embryos transfer Clinical pregnancies · patients with risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Embryo freezing for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2007) · Cochrane | OR 1.08 [0.54, 2.19] | 1 study · 125 participants | Low |
Cryopreservation vs fresh embryos transfer Number of livebirths (livebirth rate) · patients with risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome Embryo freezing for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (2007) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.5, 2.12] | 1 study · 125 participants | Low |