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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,793 questions · 1,866 findings · 339 reviews

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No studies found 245 · 13.1%GRADE not reported 142 · 7.6%Very low 612 · 32.8%Low 513 · 27.5%Moderate 305 · 16.3%High 49 · 2.6%

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes functional ability (short‐term) FIQ modified (0 to 16; higher scores… compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy vs home exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercises changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with home exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in short‐term disability 3 months or less after the start of the intervention Measures: GLTEQ · People with multiple sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in short‐term impairments 3 months or less after the start of the intervention Measures: FIS · People with multiple sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo

Clinically significant response on global state · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether ZUCLOPENTHIXOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE changes clinically significant response on global state ‐ as defined by each… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review