What do systematic reviews say?

One-to-one advice on sugar restriction: detailed information on the sugar content of foods, with instruction to refrain from sugar-containing foods between meals and to reduce sugar in main meals (6-week sugar restriction) vs No advice on sugar restriction

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 weeks
  Table 5, mean (SD) intakes/day at main meals: intervention 2.8 (0.5) baseline, 0.7 (0.7) at 3 weeks, 0.8 (0.9) at 6 weeks, 2.3 (0.8) at 12 weeks; control 1.9 (1.1), 1.9 (1.2), 1.9 (1.1), 2.0 (0.9). Significant…
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

One-to-one advice on sugar restriction: detailed information on the sugar content of foods, with instruction to refrain from sugar-containing foods between meals and to reduce sugar in main meals (6-week sugar restriction) vs No advice on sugar restriction

• One‐to‐one dietary interventions undertaken in a dental setting to change dietary behaviour 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 weeks
  Table 5, total mean (SD) intakes/day: intervention 9.5 (1.9) baseline, 1.6 (1.4) at 3 weeks, 1.8 (1.5) at 6 weeks, 7.8 (3.5) at 12 weeks; control 7.2 (2.6), 7.1 (3.7), 6.5 (4.2), 6.7 (2.2). Significant reduction versus…
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine tapering (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.14 [1, 1.29]
  111 studies · 33156 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in varenicline (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.18 [0.93, 1.49]
  42 studies · 13407 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in cytisine (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.58, 1.5]
  5 studies · 2915 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine patch (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.96 [0.71, 1.29]
  27 studies · 12602 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.07 [0.75, 1.54]
  18 studies · 5551 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in nicotine EC (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.79 [0.5, 1.23]
  7 studies · 1642 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in bupropion (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.35 [0.97, 1.92]
  22 studies · 7231 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher varenicline (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.33 [2.02, 2.68]
  67 studies · 16430 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher cytisine (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.21 [1.66, 2.97]
  7 studies · 3848 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher nicotine patch (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.37 [1.2, 1.56]
  105 studies · 37319 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher fast‐acting NRT (nicotine other) (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.41 [1.29, 1.55]
  120 studies · 31756 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher nicotine EC (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.37 [1.73, 3.24]
  16 studies · 3828 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐nicotine/placebo EC (low certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.16 [0.74, 1.8]
  8 studies · 1094 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to higher bupropion (high certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.43 [1.26, 1.62]
  71 studies · 14759 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher nortriptyline (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.35 [1.02, 1.81]
  10 studies · 1290 participants
  Moderate

Dental extraction protocol with plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) inserted into the postextraction alveolus vs Standard dental extraction protocol without PRGF

• Interventions for managing medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  24 to 60 months
  No intraoperative complications were observed in either of the groups.
  1 study · 176 participants
  GRADE not reported